school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences
Medical Laboratory Journal
3
2
2009
10
1
Interactive Effects of the Carbon Paper, Sodium Bicarbonate and Oral Contraceptive Pills on Morphine Urine Test
0
0
FA
H
Solhi
Assistant Professor of Forensic medicine,
A
Ranjbar
N
Gazerani
Abstract Background and objectives: A major problem for labs. esp. medico legal centers is drug test false positive and negative results. Using carbon paper, sodium bicarbonate or oral contraceptive pills (OCP) are common among addict people to make the results negative. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the effect of carbon paper, sodium bicarbonate or OCP on morphine urine test. Material and Methods: We performed this pre-experimental study on the urine samples of all people referred to narcotic drug laboratory of Markazi province during May of 2005. Of 2110 urine samples, the Morphine Rapid Test of 208 samples was positive. Then by means of TLC method, we confirmed the presence of morphine metabolites in 150 urine samples. After that, we divided these samples into three equal groups for adding carbon paper, sodium bicarbonate or OCP. Results: The results show that in carbon paper group, 41 cases are positive and nine cases unclear. In sodium bicarbonate group, 45 samples are positive and 5 cases unclear. In estrogen conjugate group, all 50 samples are positive. Conclusion: According to this study, adding carbon paper, sodium bicarbonate or oral contraceptive pills cannot make negative the Morphine Rapid Test result. Key words: Morphine Rapid Test, Carbon paper, Sodium bicarbonate, Oral contraceptive pill.
school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences
Medical Laboratory Journal
3
2
2009
10
1
The Prevalence of HCV, HBV, HIV in Blood Donors of Golestan Province, (2006-2008)
0
0
FA
S S
Bani Aghil
S
Abbasi
M
Arab
M S
Seyedein
Abstract Background and objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are the three main agents of Communicable disorders transmitted by blood transfusion. The survey of these virus-caused infections in Blood donors can display epidemiology of infections in province and be useful for evaluating donors’ health. The aim of this study was serologic Study of infections caused by HBV, HCV and HIV in Blood donors of Golestan province, Iran. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on all files of blood donors, referred to Golestan Blood transfusion Services, with positive Lab results. We assess the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV, and demographic data of blood donors and analyzed the data by chi-square, using SPSS soft ware. Results: During 2006-2008, 128198 people have donated in Golestan province. The prevalence of HBV during 2006-2008 is respectively 1.25%, 0.95% and 0.11% HCV is 14%, 13% and of HIV is 0.0015 %( just 2 cases in 2007). The prevalence of HBV, HIV and HCV is higher in male, married and donors with high school diploma. Also the prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV is lower in regular donors rather the first time donors. Conclusion: It seems that the prevalence of HBV and HCV is decreased during three years. This decrease can be due to physician’s supervision for selecting healthy donor and availability of donors’ medical record. Key words: Golestan Province, HIV, HCV, HBV, demographic,prevalence
school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences
Medical Laboratory Journal
3
2
2009
10
1
A Survey of Epidemiological Situation of Patients Infected with Hydatid Cyst Operated in Hospitals of Qom, Iran (2004-2007)
0
0
FA
A
Mardani,
PhD student of Medical Parasitology,
L
Babakhan
F
Abedi Astaneh
M
Rafiei
H
Mardani
Abstract Background and objectives: Hydatid cyst is one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases produced by means of Larva stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Since this Hydatid cyst is a widespread disease in many regions of the world and Iran, we decided to study the epidemiological situation of patients infected with hydatid cyst who were operated in hospitals of Qom, Iran (2004-2007). Material and Methods: In this Cross-sectional retrospective study, we surveyed the Medical records of 19 patients infected with hydatid cyst, who were operated in hospitals of Qom (2004-2007). Patients’ demographic data including gender, age, career, dwelling place, number of cysts and the infected organ were collected and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: of the 19 patients, 12 cases (63.2%) are female and seven cases (36.8%) male. The highest rate of infection is related to 21-30 year group (31.65%) homemakers (52.7%) and urban (89.5%). The results show that the organs involved are liver (73.7%) and lung (26.3%). All patients infected with pulmonary hydatid cyst are male. Conclusion: Since 63.2 percent of infected people are female and homemaker, having contact with vegetables contaminated with parasite ova is the most important way of infection transmission. Key words: Hydatid cyst, Epidemiology, Surgery, Iran
school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences
Medical Laboratory Journal
3
2
2009
10
1
Epidemiologic study of the cases with biopsy and aspiration of bone marrow
0
0
FA
AR
Abdolahi
Pathologist, Imam Khomeini Hospital,
M
Mehrazma
Abstract Background and objectives: Nowadays, hematologic disorders are leading health problems in our country. This study attempts to help Public heath planners to do prevention measures and to get ready for doing emergency actions in future. Material and Methods: In this retrospective cross- sectional Study, we worked on all biopsy and aspiration of bone marrow cases (N=469) referred to Dansh pathobiology lab in Tehran, Iran (2007). The Smears were reevaluated by two pathologists. The data such as diagnosis, age, and gender were collected and reported. Results: The total number of annual cases are 469 people consisting of 262 male (55.9%) and 207 female (44.1%). The cases who are less than 15 (15.2%) mostly suffer from ALL-L2.The highest rate is related to 15- 50 year group who mostly have CML and AML .the patients who are more than 50 largely suffer from plasma cell myeloma and CLL . Conclusion: In view of the differences observed in the demographic characteristics of hematological disorder In Iran, we strongly recommend a large scale study to public health authorities providing the necessary planning for preventive measures. Key words: Hematologic disorder, epidemiology, prevalence.
school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences
Medical Laboratory Journal
3
2
2009
10
1
Comparison of Three Methods of Pour Plate (PP) ، Most Probable Number (MPN)and Membrane Filter (MF) for Detection of Escherichia coliin Well Water Samples in Tehran's Parks in 2010
0
0
FA
MM
Soltan Dallal
Professor of Microbiology, Department of
M
Hosseini
TP
Abedi Mohtaseb
A
Tabatabaei Bafroei
Abstract Background and objectives: Water-born diseases are typically caused by pathogens transmitted by orofecal way. Because it is no practical and no economical and also it is time-consuming to find water-born pathogens in water reservoirs, the laboratory studies are performed on the basis of indicator microorganism. Escherichia coli is considered as the most important indicator bacterium for water monitoring. The aim of this study was to evaluate the three methods of Pour Plate (PP), Most Probable Number (MPN) and Membrane Filter (MF) in isolation of Escherichia coli in well water of Parks. Material and Methods: One hundred and sixty five samples of well water, from five geographical zones of north, south, east, west and center of Tehran, were taken in a sterile condition and sent to microbiology department of health faculty to assess with three methods of PP, MPN and MF. The results were analyzed by chi-square. Results: The results indicate that 90 water samples (54.5%) aren’t health. The samples taken from south of Tehran are most contaminant than other zones. The highest contaminated Samples (54.5%) are related to membrane filtration method in comparison with MPN (34.5%) and PP (27.3%). Conclusion: Since the MF method can recognize the contaminants quickly and effectively, we recommend it more. Based on these results, it is essential to educate children not to drink well water in parks. Keywords: well water contamination, Escherichia coli, Tehran's parks
school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences
Medical Laboratory Journal
3
2
2009
10
1
The Comparison of different Procedures for DNA extraction from paraffin-embedded Tissues: A commercial kit and a traditional method based on heating
0
0
FA
H
Davoodi
PhD in Immunology, Golestan University
S R
Hashemi
H F
Seow
M
Ghorbani
Abstract Background and objectives: Paraffin-embedded tissues and clinical samples are a valuable resource for molecular genetic studies, but the extraction of high-quality genomic DNA from this tissues is still a problematic issue. In the Present study, the efficiency of two DNA extraction protocols, a commercial kit and a traditional method based on heating and K Proteinase was compared. Material and Methods: Fifty paraffin-embedded blocks of colon cancer tissues (more than 5 years old) were used to compare two methods of DNA extraction. DNA was extracted by traditional method using heat and commercial DNA extraction (Qiagen kit) method. Then the purity and concentration of extracted DNA were measured by Spectrophotometer. Two sequences of TLR4 “The most important receptors in innate immunity” were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. SH-1 ‘188bp’ and SH-2 ‘124bp’ were amplified and then the products were separated on a 2% agarose gel. Results: The results show that the yield of DNA by traditional method (297 mg/ml) is significantly (p<0.01) higher than Commercial kit (176mg/ ml). But traditional method has the lower OD ratio (1.2) Compared to Commercial method. The Amplification of the TLR4 gene sequences is more successful by the traditional method (p<0.01) compared with commercial method. The length of the sequence affects on the results of PCR in that short sequence is amplified more successful compared to the long sequence. Conclusion: The traditional method is more successful in PCR amplification and also simple and cheap. Therefore, we recommend using this method for DNA extraction taken from the paraffin-embedded blocks with more than 5 years old and selecting shorter sequence for better amplification in PCR. Key words: DNA Extraction, paraffin embedded tissue, PCR
school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences
Medical Laboratory Journal
3
2
2009
10
1
Diagnostic value of urinary antigen Streptococcus pneumoniae in children With pneumonia: A case control study
0
0
FA
S
Noorbakhsh
Super specialty of Children Infectious
A
Mirmohamadpoor
A
Tabatabaee
Abstract Background and objectives: The aim of this study was the detection of S.pneumoniae infection by rapid urinary test and blood culture in children with pneumonia in comparison with healthy children. Material and Methods: This case control study was carried out in pediatric ward of Rasoul Akram hospital in Tehran, Iran (2006 - 200٧).Fifty-four Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and 50 healthy children were selected by simple sampling. The urinary antigen detection test (BINAX NOW co.) was performed on both cases and controls and blood culture was done for the cases suffered from Pneumonia. Results: Pneumococcal antigenuria is detected in 31.5 % of CAP and 6 % of controls groups. There is Significant difference between cases and controls (fisher test CI 95%, P =0.01). None of the children with nonpneumococcal Pneumonia (positive culture) has antigenuria. Conclusion: The possibility of diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in children, by means of blood culture, is low. Thirty-one percent of CAP is due to S.pneumonia, by using the rapid antigenuria test. There fore, we recommend using rapid urinary antigen test, in addition to blood Culture test. Key words: CAP (community-acquired pneumonia) S pneumoniae urinary antigen test (BINAX now), Blood culture, Children
school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences
Medical Laboratory Journal
3
2
2009
10
1
Concurrence of Nosocomial Infections with Microorganisms Spreading in the Air of Hospital Wards
0
0
FA
A R
Abdolahi
Pathologist, Imam Khomeini Hospital,
Abstract Background and objectives: A Nosocomial infection is one of the Leading problems causing high mortality among hospitalized patients. This study aimed at confirming the concurrence of Nosocomial infections with microorganisms spreading in the air of hospital wards. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in 2009 at ValieAsr Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The Samples were taken from the air of different sections of the hospital both actively (with Quick-Tak, 30) and passively. After that, the samples were investigated for bacerial and fungal contamination and the results were compared with the results of Laboratory Studies of patients in different wards. Results: The Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) ward shows the least fungal and microbial contamination whiles the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) the highest. The fungi are essentially Cladosporium and penicillium while the most well-Known organisms are Micrococcus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Stenotrophomonas is seen in both blood and air culture in thorax surgery ward. Also, the concurrence of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the samples of the air and patients is considerable. Conclusion: There isn’t concurrence between the Nosocomial caused organism, apart from Stenotrophomonas and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and microorganisms isolated from patients. Because the bacterial and fungal organisms are in the air of Hospital, it is a necessity to install proper ventilation system. Keywords: Air Bacterial Contamination, Hospital, Nosocomial Infection
school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences
Medical Laboratory Journal
3
2
2009
10
1
The Evaluation of Serum Nitrite, Nitrate and Malonyldialdehyde Levels in Smokers
0
0
FA
M
Rostami
M
Jarfi
Abstract Background and objectives: Smokers are exposed to significant quantities of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and The Level of Nitric Oxide (NO), the primary vasodilator produced by endothelial cells, is changed by cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study is to determine the level of serum nitrite, nitrate and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in smokers. Material and Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 60 healthy male smokers and 60 male non-smokers (control group) were selected by a Purposive sampling and then serum levels of nitrite, nitrate and MDA in all patients were determined and compared to together. Results: Serum nitrite and nitrate level in smokers are 10.4±3.1 and 19.6±5.9 and in non-smokers is 14.6±4.4 and 29.3±6.7 (p<0.00001) μmol/L, respectively. The results show that smokers’ are significantly lower than non-smokers’. Serum MDA level in smokers (11.7±2.6 μmol/L) is significantly higher (p<0.00001) than non-smokers (8.3±1.9 μmol/L). Conclusion: Based on the results, serum level of nitrite and nitrate are lower and MDA is higher in smokers. This difference can be related to CVD in smokers. Keywords: Smokers, Non-smokers, Nitrite, Nitrate, Malodialdehyde (MDA), cardiovascular disease (CVD).
school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences
Medical Laboratory Journal
3
2
2009
10
1
Disc antibiogram test with graded plate method
0
0
FA
M
Fatemi Motlagh
Veterinarian Lab Technician,
N
Mansoori
Abstract Background and objectives: Halo interference around antibiogram disc is one of the problems seen in Agar media. This study aimed at applying graded plate method to reduce this problem. Material and Methods: Forty-eight millimeter plates, before putting disc, were graded and the location of discs was determined. Instead of full disc, we used half-disc and then compared the haloe interference, based on clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI), of Klebseila Pneumoniae in the presence of nine different antibiotics. Results: The tests performed on Klebseila Pneumoniae show that five antibiotics such as Enrofloxacin (24mm), Flumequine (12mm), Furazolidone (22mm), ampicillin (22mm) and Florfenicle (22mm) cause non-growth haloes while none of them has interference haloe when we use the news method. Conclusion: According to results, the graded plate not only has negative effect on Antibiogram results but also is careful and decrease the interference produced by previous methods and its efficacy is increased up to %17.64 when we use 84 diametered Plate. Keywords: Antibiotic, Disc diffusion test, Dispensing disc, Non-growth haloes, Non-growth haloes interference, Plate