@article{ author = {SamadiKafil, h and MohebatiMobarez, m and ForouzandehMoghadam, m}, title = {Comparing MALDI-ToFMass Spectrometry with Molecular and Biochemical Methods in Identifying Enterococcus Faecium and Enterococcus FaecalisIsolated from Clinical Samples}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Enterococci are Gram-positive members of human gastrointestinal flora,in Dairy products and environment. they have emerged as important causes of opportunistic nosocomial infections in recent years. In this study we aimed to investigat and compare the efficiency of MALDI-TOFmass spectroscopy method through Biochemical and Molecular methods for detecting Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Materials and Methods:seventhy five clinical samples were collected for biochemical, molecular and mass spectroscopy investigations. Samples were treated with Esculin hydrolysis, Catalase, Pyrrolidonylaminopeptidase, 6.5% NaCl solution, motility, 0.04% Tellurite, L-Arabinose and Sorbitol. Using specific primesallele specific PCR was used.The samples were then analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy and Biotyper 3 software. Results:Enterococcus faecium andEnterococcus faecaliswere detected in thirty and forty two samples, respectively whereas three samples showed both bacterial infections. Using biochemical analysis, two E.faecium isolates were Arabinose negative and one E. faecalis isolates was Telliurite negative. All sampleswere showed correct bands in PCR results but twoof them didn't show clear bands(on agarose gel). In mass spectroscopy analysis all strains were correctly detected and well defined. Conclusion: According to our results, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in comparison with Molecular and Biochemical Methodscould be a reliable and accurate method that can easily and quickly identify and differentiate Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalisin clinical samples. Key words:Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, MALDI-TOFmass spectrometry,PCR}, Keywords = {Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, MALDI-TOFmass spectrometry,PCR}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Hashemi, J and Asadi, J and Amiriani, T and Beshrat, S and roshandel, GH and Joshaghani, HR}, title = {The Comparison of Serum Vitamins A and E in Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients with Control Group}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objectives: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. It is a functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain and alternation of bowel habits with no structural abnormality. The prevalence of this disease was estimated 10-20 percent in the world. However, the cause of IBS is still unknown. Regarding to intestinal absorption disorder of nutrients, the malabsorption of vitamin may occur. The aim of this study is to evaluate serum levels of vitamins A and E in IBS patients. Materials & Methods: This case - control study was done on 94 patients whom their IBS disease were confirmed by a gastroenterologist in Golestan province. The control group was selected from healthy people, who didn't show any signs of digestive problems in past two years. The age and sex were matched with the cases group. Using HPLC method, Fasting blood samples were collected .Followed by measurement of Serum levels of vitamins A and E. Results: the meanserum levels of vitamin A and E in patients and control group were 57.0 ± 114.8μg / dl and23.8 ± 55.9 μg / dl, and 0.50 ± 0.24 mg / dl and 1.93 ± 1.86 mg / dl, respectively. (P <0.05). in men, the deficiency of Vitamin A and E, were7.70 and 7.10 percent and 6.76 and 3.7 in women. (P <0.05).In general, 1.1percent of IBS patients showed Vitamin A deficiency and 93.6 percent of them had vitamin E deficiency (P <0.05). Conclusion: In this study, a significant decrease in vitamin E levels was observed in patients with IBS. Due to antioxidant activity of vitamin E, the deficiency of this Vitamin, can increase the oxidative factors leading to intestinal damages and it is expected to decrease the amount of vitamins, subsequently Keywords: Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Gorgan}, Keywords = {Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Gorgan}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {7-11}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-254-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-254-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Niknazar, F and Aberumand, M and Rostami, R and SeyedTabib, M}, title = {Evaluation of serum magnesium in type II diabetic patients}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Some studies show that, there is a relationship between decrease of serum magnesium (Mg) level and the insulin resistance in diabetic type II patients. The aim of this study was to compare the Mg level in in type II diabetic with non-diabetic individuals. Materials and Methods: Diabetic patients(n=35) and control group (n=35),<35 years old, were randomly selected from the hospital of Imam Ali, Andimeshk. To compare diabetic patients and control group, the t-student statistical method and SPSS software, were used. Results: Mg levels in diabetic and non diabetic groups were 1.33±0.27 and 1.62±0.21 mg/dl, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.0000014). A reversed significant relationship was seen between FPG and Mg among type II diabetic patients, whereas no significant relationship was seen between Mg and other variables, (TG, Chol and HDL). In non-diabetics group, there was a reversed significant relationship between the Mg and Chol, Whereas, no relationship was seen between other variables and magnesium. Conclusion: In diabetic patients, with increased level of FPG, serum Mg levels were decreased significantly. Moreover, serum Mg levels in diabetic patients were significantly lower than non-diabetics. Keywords: Magnesium, Diabetes type 2, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, High density lipoprotein}, Keywords = {Magnesium, Diabetes type 2, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, High density lipoprotein}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {12-16}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-255-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-255-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {SoltanDallal, MM and RahimiForushani, A and SharifiYazdi, K and Nikmanesh, B and RastegarLari,, A and Aminharati, A}, title = {The Rate of HEP-2 Cellular Invasion of Salmonella Serogroups in Diarrhea Patients}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objectives: gasterointertidis is one of the most common forms of Salmonellosis, which is a worldwide problem. The invasive characteristic of intestinal bacteria is one of their pathogenicity Mechanisms , which can be easily investigated by cell culture technique. In this study ,the invasive characteristic of some Salmonella serogroup were investigated by using HEP-2 cell. Methods and Material: The rectals soap were prepared from 280 diarrhea patients referred to Imam Khomeyni and children medical centres , 140 with bloody diarrhea and 140 with watery diarrhea as a comparison group. The rectal soap was taken before patients taking any antibiotics, and 140 rectal specimens were taken from healthy people as a control group. All the samples were inoculated in differential and selective media, like Hektoen enteric agar and Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar .After incubation at 37C for 24 hours, the colonies were examined and identified by conventional biochemical and serological tests. Using HEP-2, cellular invasion characteristic of Salmonella serogroups was assessed. Moreover, the antibiotic resistance patterns were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: Of all tested samples, 35(8.3%) are Salmonella strains. The frequency of Salmonella is reported for bloody diarrhea (5.2%) , watery diarrhea ( 1.7%) and control group( 1.4%) .The most abundant serogroups with invasive characteristic, using HEP-2 cell culture, are serogroup B ( 62.9%) and D (17.2%). Conclusion The results obtained in this study show that the majority of Salmonella isolates are without invasive characteristic. Key words: Salmonella, Diarrhea, Cell invasion, Cell culture}, Keywords = {Salmonella, Diarrhea, Cell invasion, Cell culture}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-21}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-259-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-259-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Dorri, K and Namdar, N and HemayatkhahJahromi, V}, title = {Isolation of Lactobacilli from Dairy Products and Their Effects on the Main Pathogenic Bacteria in Stomach and Intestine}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objective: The effects of lactobacillus Species and their metabolites on dairy products were proved as probiotics on pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to isolate the lactobacillus from dairy product (Yogurt, cheese, milk and whey …) and to determine the antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, E.coli, Helicobacter pylori. Material and methods: Samples of dairy products were collected and were serially diluted in peptone medium. To isolate lactobacillus, diluted sample were plated on MRS Agar medium and incubated at 37ºc for 48-72h in anaerobic condition. Identification of the lactobacilli was performed according to their morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics. The inhibitory effect of isolated lactobacillus strains were performed against pathogenic bacteria by Agar Well Diffusion Assay and Disc method. Results: of 50 samples of isolated Lactobacillus from dairy products (including 11 identified Lactobacillus), 19 samples have inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori. The most identified strains areLactobacillusbulgaris, Lactobacillus Salivarius and Lactobacillus delbrueki. Conclusion: According to this study, some lactobacillus strains isolated from dairy products are useful in the management of diarrhea and other gastrointestinal diseases, and the use of these strains can be useful for prevention and treatment. Keywords:Lactobacillus, Dairyproducts, SalmonellaTyphimurium, E.coli, Helicobacter pylori}, Keywords = {Lactobacillus, Dairyproducts, SalmonellaTyphimurium, E.coli, Helicobacter pylori}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {22-28}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-260-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-260-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Moulana, Z and GhasemPour, M and AsgharPour, F and Elmi, MM and BaghbanShaker, P}, title = {The Frequency of Streptococcus Mutans and Lactobacillus spp.in 3-5-year- old Children with and without Dental Caries}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: The high occurrence of early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common problems in children dentistry. Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli.spp are closely associated with the development of early childhood caries (ECC). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli.spp in 3-5 –year- old children with and without dental caries. Material and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 60 children aged 3 -5-years, without any history of systemic disease, who had not received any antibiotic therapy and fluoride usage during the last month. The cases were divided into three groups of early childhood caries, usual caries and caries-free. The infected dentin samples were collected from cervical and proximal in ECC and usual caries group, respectively. Also in all the three groups, the samples of dental plaque from buccal surfaces were collected and immediately immersed into Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth medium. After that, the diluted sample was plated onto MitisSalivarius agar (Difco) for detecting streptococcus mutans and Rogosa agar (Difco) for detecting lactobacilli.spp. Data were analyzed by Chi- Square and ANOVA. Results: of the samples taken from dental plaque, S. mutans is observed in 90% of ECC, 80% of proxymolcarries and in 25% of caries-free individuals. Based on the results, the presence of S.mutans in the group of caries is significantly higher than that of without caries, but there is no significant difference between the two groups of caries. In addition, lactobacill.spp is isolated from 60% ofthe samples, but there is no significant difference between two groups of caries and caries-free. The average of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index in the group with early childhood caries (6.95±1.572) and usual caries (5.80±1.105) is different significantly. Pearson correlation test shows that there is a significant relationship between caries experience and the amount of S.mutans, but there isn’t this relationship withlactobacill.spp. Conclusion: The findings show that the children with early decay have the higher level of S.mutans in their dental plaque. The most common strain isolated from dentin, without consideration of their location, is S.mutans. Key words: Early dental care, Dental caries, DMFT index, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli.spp.}, Keywords = {Early dental care, Dental caries, DMFT index, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli.spp.}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {29-34}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {MansouriGhiasi, MA and NasrollahiOmran, A and Hashemi, M and RajabZadeKanafi, P and JahangiriRadManjili, M}, title = {The Prevalenceof Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Nasal Carriage of Surgical Ward’s Staff in ShahidrajaeeHospitalofTonekabon,Iran}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective:Staphylococcusaureus is one of the important factors causing nosocomial infections. Typically 25-30 percent of healthy people carry the bacteria in their anterior nasal cavity. The physicians(50%), nurses (70%) and hospital staff (90%) are the carriers of this bacteria, leading to the infection of inpatients. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus strains to vancomycin and methicillin has brought about several problems in treatment of the infections caused by Staphylococcus strains. Hence, we aimed to study the frequency of staphylococcus aureus carriers and resistance pattern among medical personnel of the surgical ward in ShahidRajaee hospital, Tonekabon. Material and Methods: this analytic-descriptive study was conducted on the samples taken from nasal carriage of medical staff of surgical ward (N=120). Antibiotic- resistant of Staphylococcus strains was assessed by antibiogram and disk diffusion (DAD), in accordance with CLSI standards. Results: of 34 (28.33%) who are nasal carriers of staphylococcus, 12 are over 30 years old and 24 under 30. Based on antibiogram, 1.97% of specimens are sensitive to Gentamicin and Co-trimoxazole, 1.94% to Ciprofloxacin, 2.88% to Vancomycin and 6.20% to Methicillin. In addition, 100% of specimens are resistant to Ampicillin, 1.97% to Penicillin and 2.88% to Amoxicillin. Four isolates areresistant,both to methicillin and vancomycin. Conclusion:In this study, the spectrum of S. aureus resistant and sensitive strains to some antibiotics is similar to other studies, but a dramatic increase is seen in the rate of MRSA and non-susceptible cases to vancomycin. The Effectiveness of Penicillin, Amoxicillin and Ampicillin is still very low on S. aureus samples. Key words: Prevalance Resistance Pattern, Staphylococcus aureus, Medical Staff, Nasal Cavity, Tonekabon}, Keywords = {Prevalance Resistance Pattern, Staphylococcus aureus, Medical Staff, Nasal Cavity, Tonekabon}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-39}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-266-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-266-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Rahmani, Z and Royani, S and Ahmadi, AR}, title = {Strategic Planning to Establish Quality System in Medical Laboratory}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Every organization requires ongoing evaluation of existing conditions. The purpose of this study is to assess and analyze the standards and criteria that each Laboratory system is required to observe and upgrade them, to determine the gap between the ideal and the current status and finally to present the strategy and executive plan in order to achieve the desirable status. Material and Methods: This study was performed in a medical diagnostic laboratory in Gorgan by using the quality system checklist related to medical diagnostic laboratories, which was revised in 2009. Internal evaluation matrix (Internal Factor Evaluation) was used to examine the main factors in the context of establishing a quality management system in a clinical laboratory.After examining the factors, determining the laboratory status, recording the results of monitoring (in terms of strengths and weaknesses) and determining the gap between existing and desirable status, we provided the appropriate and effective solutions in line with defined standard. Results: of 164 items thatshould have been done in the first assessment, 111 (67.7%) items are in performed group and 53 (32.3%) are not in. After compiling and running a plan, 147 (89.6%) are performed, 15 (9.2%) needed to be modified and 2 (1.2%) still not performed. It is evident that a significant difference (p< 0.05) and a tangible improvement in current problems are seen after establishing the qualitysystem in the laboratory. The lab equipment, lab space and facilities, pre-examination process, testing process and post-examination process are considered .Regarding the health and safety in the laboratory, lab equipment, lab space and facilities, pre-examination process, testing process and post-examination process, no significant difference is observed between before and after the implementation of the program. Conclusion:after establishing the quality system in laboratory, a significant difference and tangible improvement in the current problems are observed. It is implied the importance of pre-planned responses to problems and the performance of strategic planning. Keywords: Strategic Planning, Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Quality Control}, Keywords = {Strategic Planning, Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Quality Control}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {40-44}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Fakhar, M and AhmadPour, E}, title = {An Overview of theLaboratory Diagnostic Procedures of Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar)}, abstract ={Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) is a systemic infection disease that can be diagnosed by some invasive procedures such as splenic, liver biopsy or bone marrow aspiration, whichare determined as the gold standards for diagnosing of this disease. At present, a variety of noninvasive tests having different specificities and sensitivities are available for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Direct agglutination test (DAT) can be an appropriate and applicable method provided that proper antigens are prepared. The rapid rK39 strip test (for detection of antigen) can be used for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which is suitable for acute forms of disease in the field. Other tests, such as rapid KATEX strip test (for detection of antigen) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which are recently recommended for diagnosis and prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis, are the simple, inexpensive and easily available under field conditions.This review article focuses on different, novel and current procedures for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Key words: Laboratory diagnosis,visceralleishmaniasis, Kala-azar,rk39, Katex, PCR}, Keywords = {Laboratory diagnosis,visceralleishmaniasis, Kala-azar,rk39, Katex, PCR }, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-54}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-282-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-282-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Tabandeh, A and Organji, H and Aarabi, M}, title = {Comparison ofβhCG Serum level in mild pre-eclampsia and healthy pregnant women}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Pre-eclampsia is the most common cause of maternal and neonatal mortality. Recent studies show that there may be a relationship between chorionic gonadotropine (HCG) and pre-eclampsia. Thus we aimed at assessing the serum level of βhCG after 28th week of pregnancy in mild pre-eclamptic and healthy pregnant women. Material and Methods: In this case-control study, we measured the level of βhCG in 26 pre-eclamptic and 26 normal pregnant women. The difference between groups was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test (P≤ 0.05). Results: The mean of βhCG in the case (73192 ± 42956 IU/L) and control group (34038 ± 21272 IU/L) is different significantly (P= 0.001). Considering mother’s age, gestational age and parity, there is a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.001). Conclusion: The results of our study show that the higher level of βhCG, the greater the risk of pre-eclampsia. Key words: Pre eclampsia, βhCG, Parity}, Keywords = {Pre eclampsia, βhCG, Parity}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {55-57}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-280-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-280-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Choupani, A and Rostami, Z and AA, and Abdullahi, A}, title = {SeroepidemiologicalPrevalence of Helicobacter Pylori of the Patients Referred to the Central Laboratory in South of Tehran, 2010}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Helicobacterpylorus is the major cause ofinflammation andulcer instomach, and immunoglobulin IgG is one of the antibodies produced against it, which is important in the course and diagnosis of the previoussufferers. The awareness of the prevalence of this disease can be helpful for the physicians to choose the way of treatment. Material and Methods: In these cross-sectional study, 516patients referred to laboratory was studied. After separating the serum, Antibody Helicobacter pylori IgGtest wasdone by ELISA method. Results: of 516, 156 (30.2 %) of the patients have a positive result, 51(32.7%) are males and 105 (67.3 %) are females. Positive percent of males (43.5%) is greater than females (26.5%).Over-45-year-old women (9.8 %) have the highest percentage of disease titers. Conclusion: The percent of positive cases in men is more than that the women. Over-45-year-old women (9.8 %) have the highest percentage of positive case. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori IgG, Tehran, ELISA}, Keywords = {Helicobacter pylori IgG, Tehran, ELISA}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {58-61}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-284-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-284-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Keyhanvar, N and Tabarraei, A and Yazdani, Y}, title = {Production of Recombinant Bacmid Containing the Coding Sequence of Human Hepcidin}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objective: Hepcidin is a cystein-rich antimicrobial peptide, which is secreted by the liver. It fights against wide spectrum of bacteria, viruses and fungi and it is a major regulator of iron homeostasis. Today, scientists have made many efforts on the production of hepcidin. Baculovirus expression system is one of the best eukaryotic expression systems for production of recombinant hepcidin and production of the recombinant vector is one of the most important steps in this expression system. Material & Methods: First, the total RNA was separated from HepG2 cell line as a source of hepcidin expression. Then, after synthesis of total cDNA, human hepcidin sequence was amplified, using specific primers by PCR method. Next, hepcidin sequence was cloned into pTZ57R/T vector. After digestion of recombinant vector using ECoRI and BamHI restriction enzymes, recombinant pFastBac HT B vector containing human hepcidin cDNA was produced. Results: Coding sequence of human hepcidin is correctly cloned into pTZ57R/T vector and sub cloning into pFastBac HT B vector is performed successfully. The presence of a clear band near 274 bp resulted from PCR amplification and restriction enzyme are the confirmation of the cloning of human hepcidin. Conclusion: According to our knowledge, the present study is the first work that focuses on recombinant vector containing coding sequence of human prohepcidin. This recombinant vector can be used for human hepcidin production. Key words: Vector, Hepcidin, Iron}, Keywords = {Bacmid, Hepcidin, Iron}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Naghsh, N and Doudi, M and Safaeinejad, Z}, title = {The Antifungal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles and Fluconazole on AspergillusFumigatus}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objective: In recent years, the resistance of opportunistic fungal strains to commercially available antifungal agents has been increased. The serious side effects of these compounds on mammalian cells forced the researchers to search for new antifungal substances. Thus we decided to investigate the antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles against Aspergillusfumigatus. Materials & Methods: To investigate the antifungal effect of the round silver nanoparticles with 10nm diameter against Aspergillusfumigatus, the diameter of colonies after 8 days as well as the number of colonies in different days was determined, using direct drop test. After that, to measure the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC) values of silver nanoparticles and fluconazole, Micro Dilution Broth method was performed. At the end, the MIC and MFC values of silver nanoparticles were compared to MIC and MFC of fluconazole. Results: The results obtained from direct drop test confirm that the silver nanoparticles can decrease the diameter of fungal colonies in dose dependent manner. The data of silver nanoparticles on the number of colonies in different days shows that the number of colonies increases up to sixth day and then becomes fixed. Based on the results of Micro Dilution Broth method, the MIC and the MFC values of this component are 31.25 and 62.5ppm, respectively. Conclusion: The present study confirms that silver nanoparticles with 10nm diameter have antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigates. Key words: Silver nanoparticles, Aspergillusfumigatus, Antifungal activity.}, Keywords = {Silver nanoparticles, Aspergillusfumigatus, Antifungal activity}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {7-12}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Tahamtan, A and Moradi, A and Ghaemi, A and Kelishadi, M and Ghafari, H and Hashemi, P and Tabarraei, A}, title = {Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus in Hemodialysis Patients in Gorgan-Iran}, abstract ={Abstract Background & Objective: Hepatitis E virus is one of the most common causes of acute infection in adults. Pregnant and transplant patients are more in risk of HEV infection. Fecal-oral is the main route of HEV transmission but recently transmission by blood transfusion has been observed. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of HEV-Ab in hemodialysis patients in Gorgan, Iran. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, we investigated 150 hemodialysis patients of Panje Azar hospital in Gorgan. These patients were evaluated for the presence of HEV total Ab by ELISA method. Results: of 150, 6 patients (4%) are positive for HEV-Ab. There has been no significant relation between anti HEV Ab and variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, duration and number of hemodialysis in a week and (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study, which is the first report from this area, show that the lower prevalence of anti HEV Ab in hemodialysis patients in comparison with pregnant and childbearing age women. Keywords: Hepatitis E Hemodialysis Elisa Gorgan}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {13-17}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-270-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-270-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Pordeli, HR and HashemiHazaveh, SJ and Jamshidian, M and Bayat, M}, title = {Isolation, Molecular Identification and Evaluation of Antifungal Effects of the Bacilli Isolated from Rhizospheric Soil of Gorgan Region against Tricophyton Mentagrophytes}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objective: Soil bacteria, particularly Bacillus genus have the potential of producing a range of bioactive substances with antimicrobial and antifungal properties. They have the ability to produce hundreds of active and effective biologic compound against microorganisms. Therefore, it seems to be a proper candidate in the biocontrol of fungal pathogenesis. Material & Methods: In this study, soil samples were collected from different parts of Gorgan in order to isolate Bacillus and to determine their antifungal activity against T.mentagrophytes. The Isolates that had the highest antifungal effects were analyzed by PCR and 16s rRNA sequencing. Results: of 54 strains, 14 have antifungal activity. The Isolates, S4 and S12, identified as B.cereus and B.thuringiensis respectively show the highest antidermatofit effect. These isolates based on 16s rRNA sequence analysis show 97% homology with Bacillus cereusstrain KU4 and Bacillus thuringiensisstrain ucsc27. Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the soil Bacilli have biocontrol potential against dermatophytic agents such as T.mentagrophytes. Keywords: Antifungal effects, Bacillus, Rhizospheric soil, T.mentagrophytes}, Keywords = {Antifungal effects, Bacillus, Rhizospheric soil, T.mentagrophytes}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {18-22}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Azimi, SZ and Ghane, M and Heshmatipour, Z}, title = {The Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas spp. Isolated from Different Wards of Shahid Rajai Hospital in Tonekabon, 2010-2011}, abstract ={Abstract: Background and Objective: A wide variety of opportunistic pathogens has been detected in hospital surfaces. Among these , Pseudomonas species are one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections, frequently found in hospital environments. The purpose of this study was identification of antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from different Section of ShahidRajaeii hospital, Tonekabon. Material and Methods: the samples (460) from different sections of Shahid Rajaeii hospital, Tonekabon were collected between December 2010 and June 2011. The identification of the strains was performed by using biochemical tests and API20NE (Biomerieux) ,and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates against different antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion test. Results: of 460, 61(%13/26) strains of Pseudomonas are isolated from all the sources. The highest rate of Pseudomonas spp. is recorded in Surgery and ICU, while the lowest in Dialysis ward. Of 61 strains of Pseudomonas, 52 (85/25%) are belonged to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, six (9/83%) to Pseudomonas stutzeri, two (3/28%) to Pseudomonas putida and one (1/64%) to Pseudomonas fluorescens. Conclusion: the environments of the hospital can be the vehicles of Pseudomonas spp. therefore, both the patients and personnel should have extra attention to their personal hygiene to avoid Pseudomonas infection. Keywords: Nosocomial Infections Pseudomonas Antibiotic Susceptibility}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {23-29}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-272-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-272-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Shojaee, S and Hosseine, F and Fakhr-e-rad, N and Bijaree, B and Sekhavati, M and Fereidouni, M}, title = {The Rate of Occupational Exposure to Patients’ Specimen among Personnel of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories in Birjand City}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Having knowledge about potential risks and the usage of safety equipment in laboratories can decrease the risk of occupational exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predisposing factors for occupational exposure and to assess the usage of safety equipment among personnel of medical diagnostic laboratories in Birjand. Material and Methods: In this descriptive analytic study, all staff of laboratories was assessed by using a questionnaire including demographic data, type of accidental exposures and the use of protective equipment. Using SPSS software, we analyzed the data. Results: Of 110, 84 (76%) have at least one accidental exposure to patients’ specimens in that 55% of accidents are related to sample preparation step. In 82% of contacts, carelessness is the underlying cause of exposure. Gown, glove, fume hood and mouth mask are routinely used by 97%, 48%, 34%, 1% of personnel, respectively. Nearly all of (97%) personnel were vaccinated against hepatitis B and 78% of them have performed routine blood test for detecting any infections. Conclusion: The results of current study show that accidental exposures to patients’ samples are common among personnel of medical diagnostic laboratories. The level of preventive education and the rate of safety equipment usage are low therefore, we recommend planning of some training sessions to persuade the personnel for using safety equipment. Keywords: Medical laboratory, Occupational Exposure, Specimens, Vaccination}, Keywords = {Medical laboratory, Occupational Exposure, Specimens, Vaccination}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {30-36}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-273-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-273-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Rahimi-Esboei, B and Gholami, SH and GhorbaniPashaKolaei, A and PourHajiBaqer, M and Hasannia, H and Shaban, R and Paqeh, AS}, title = {Laboratories Performance after Outsourcing in the Hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Nowadays, downsizing the government to have an effective and flexible organization is considered to be government’s top priority in the world and outsourcing is one of the ways to achieve this goal. Accordingly, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences has delegated some of its hospitals' duties to the private sectors. The present study has been carried out to assess the performance of outsourced clinical laboratories. Material and Methods: This Descriptive Evaluation study was carried out during 6 month (May 2011 till February 2012). The data was collected by two questionnaires with close-ended questions and one with open-ended questions, and analyzed by Wilcoxon, using SPSS software. Results: There is an improvement in outsourcing laboratory services. For example, increase in the number of tests (32%) and in the type of tests (37%). Consequently, increase of hospital income (51%). The number of personnel is decreased and their responsibility and behavior are improved. Conclusion: Overall, it seems that outsourcing laboratory program could achieve its major goals such as: Absorbing non-governmental resources in both administrative and financial aspects, omitting extra expenditure, acquiring benefits, and upgrading productivity of laboratories. Key words: Outsourcing Laboratory Peformance}, Keywords = {Outsourcing, Laboratory, Peformance}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {37-41}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-274-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-274-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Omrani, MD and Mostafavi, H and Khazar, S and Ghalami, S and Farajzadeh, F}, title = {Laboratories Performance after Outsourcing in the Hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Nowadays, downsizing the government to have an effective and flexible organization is considered to be government’s top priority in the world and outsourcing is one of the ways to achieve this goal. Accordingly, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences has delegated some of its hospitals' duties to the private sectors. The present study has been carried out to assess the performance of outsourced clinical laboratories. Material and Methods: This Descriptive Evaluation study was carried out during 6 month (May 2011 till February 2012). The data was collected by two questionnaires with close-ended questions and one with open-ended questions, and analyzed by Wilcoxon, using SPSS software. Results: There is an improvement in outsourcing laboratory services. For example, increase in the number of tests (32%) and in the type of tests (37%). Consequently, increase of hospital income (51%). The number of personnel is decreased and their responsibility and behavior are improved. Conclusion: Overall, it seems that outsourcing laboratory program could achieve its major goals such as: Absorbing non-governmental resources in both administrative and financial aspects, omitting extra expenditure, acquiring benefits, and upgrading productivity of laboratories. Key words: Outsourcing Laboratory Peformance}, Keywords = {Outsourcing, Laboratory, Peformance}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {42-48}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-275-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-275-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Rahimi-Esboei, B and Fakhar, M and Ghorbani, A and PourHajiBaqer, M and Paqeh, AS and Shahnasi, P and Rezaei, M}, title = {Prevalence of Cercarial Dermatitis among Paddy-Field Workers in Central Areas of Mazandaran Province}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Cercarial dermatitis (CD) or swimmer’s itch is a severe inflammatory reaction caused by penetration of the skin by avian and herbivorous schistosomes, esp genus Trichobilharzia. Since both intermediate and final host of this parasite exist in North of Iran, we aimed at determining the prevalence of cercarial dermatitis among paddy-field workers in Central areas of Mazandaran Province. Material and Methods: To perform this descriptive-cross sectional study, we refer to bird refuges of migrating water and Paddy-field around man-made ponds of Babol, Sari, Ghaemshahr and Savadkoh districts. The Hand and foot of the farmers were examined clinically for detection of infected people and their signs and symptoms were recorded on a sheet of paper. Results: Based on the results, 77.5 % of the workers suffer from CD. All of them are males and the majority of them are indigenous. Conclusion: High prevalence of Cercarial dermatitis among paddy-field workers led to a health dilemma. Thus, by increasing awareness of farmers, implementing suitable approaches, controlling the disease and sanitizing the contaminated areas can promote health situation. Key Words: Trichobilharzia Avian Schistosomiasis Cercaria Dermatitis Paddy-Field Workers Itch}, Keywords = {Trichobilharzia, Avian Schistosomiasis, Cercaria Dermatitis, Paddy-Field Workers Itch}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {49-52}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-276-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-276-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Abnormal Paraclinical Findings of the Neonates with Fever Admitted to the Neonantal Ward of Amir-KabirHospital, Arak City in 2011}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: The vast clinical testing process often is performed to diagnose the origin of the fever. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of abnormal paraclinical findings of the neonates with fever. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 109 randomly selected febrile neonates admitted to Amir-Kabir Hospital, 2010. Blood, Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF) and Urine samples were sent to laboratory and the results were analyzed by Chi-Square test, using SPSS software. Results: Blood culture of 19 cases (17.43 %) is positive. None of the CSF samples are gram positive and also show the sign of Meningitis. Conclusion: With regard to the high rate of positive blood culture, it seems that the use of blood culture in febrile neonates is important for diagnosis. Keywords: Fever Neonate Paraclinical Test}, Keywords = {Fever, Neonate, Paraclinical Test }, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {53-57}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-277-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-277-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Naziri, H and Tabarraei, A and Ghaemi, A and Davarpanah, MA and Javid, N and Moradi, A}, title = {Drug- Resistance- Associated Mutations and HIV Sub-Type Determination in Drug-Naïve and HIV-Positive Patients under Treatment with Antiretroviral Drugs}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Resistance to antiretroviral agents is a significant concern in clinical management of HIV-infected individuals. Resistance is the result of mutations that develops in the viral protein targeted by antiretroviral agents. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the blood samples of 40 HIV-positive patients were collected. Twenty of them were drug-naïve and the rest were under treatment for at least one year by antiretroviral agents. Virus genome was extracted from patient's plasma with high-pure-viral-nucleic-acid kit. Then, by means of reverse-transcriptase and specific primers of protease genes were amplified and sequenced. Sequences of genes, drug- antiretroviral- resistant mutations and subtypes were determined using Stanford University’s HIV-drug-resistance databases. Results: Drug-naive patients show 15% resistance to nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and 20% resistance to non-nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Anti-protease resistance is not observed in any patients. In under treatment patients, drug resistance to NNRTI (25%) is more than drug resistance to NRTI (20%) and the rate of drug resistance to protease inhibitor is 5%. Conclusion: Our findings show a high prevalence of drug-resistant mutations in Iranian-drug-naïve-HIV-infected patients. But in under treatment individuals, the rate of drug resistance is less than previous studies. Keywords: HIV Nucleoside Inhibitor Non-Nucleoside Inhibitor Protease Inhibitor}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-299-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-299-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {BashizadehFakhar, H and Faraji, R and Ghane, M and Jafarpour, M and Ashoorizadeh, B}, title = {Comparison of Molecular (PCR) and Pap Smear Methods in Diagnosis of Human Papiloma Virus (HPV) in Women with Genital Warts}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Much research has shown that Human Papiloma Virus (HPV) plays an important role in cervix cancer and it is the cause of 99% of cervix cancer worldwide. Lots of research has been done to find a proper method for HPV diagnosis and screening in patients with genital warts. This study aimed at comparing PCR method with Pap smear test in HPV screening. Material and Methods: Considering the presence of DNA of HPV, 45 vaginal and cervix swap samples of women with genital warts were tested by means of specific PCR and Pap smear from September 2010 to April 2011. Results: Out of 45 vaginal and cervix swap samples of women suffering genital warts, 37 samples (82.2%) are positive. Of 45 Pap smear samples, 13 (29%) are neoplasia and 32 (71%) normal. Conclusion: The difference between the results of PCR and Pap smear is due to low specification and sensitivity of Pap smear. Thus it is recommended using diagnostic PCR method in addition to Pap smear in order to promote the quality of screening in individuals with genital warts. Keywords: Human Papiloma Virus (HPV) Genital Warts Molecular (PCR) Pap Smear}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-300-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-300-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Kosaryan, M and MR, and Aliasgharian, A and Mousavi, M and Roshan, P}, title = {Diagnostic Value of Fructosamine and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Estimating Blood Glucose Level in Diabetic Patients with Thalassemia Major}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is one of complications that thalassemia major patients face with. Hence, blood glucose monitoring is of vital importance to these patients. Because of high level of fetal hemoglobin in these patients, the measurement of hemoglobin A1c is not reliable and should be displaced by fructosamine test. Material and Methods: The current descriptive study was carried out on 33 beta-thalassemia major patients afflicted with diabetes mellitus (21 female and 12 male cases). Blood glucose level, fructosamine, hemoglobin A1c, serum ferritin and fetal hemoglobin were measured. Results: Blood glucose levels are 204±103 mg/dL and 221±101 mg/dL (p=0.63) fetal hemoglobin levels are 9%±7% and 13%±9% (p=0.22) serum ferritin levels are 1744±1534 ng/mL and 3253±1773 ng/mL (p=0.96) in female and male patients, respectively. The level of fructosamine (42±124 mmol/L) and glycosylated hemoglobin (8.9%±1.8%) are correlated significantly (r=0.69, p<0.01). Both Hemoglobin A1c (r=0.75, p<0.01) and fructosamine (r=0.54, p<0/01) show a significant correlation with blood glucose level. Conclusion: In diabetic thalassemia major patients with frequent blood transfusion, the level of fructosamine and glycosylated hemoglobin are related significantly, therefore they can be used alternatively. Keywords: Thalassemia major Fructosamine Hemoglobin A1c Diabetes Mellitus}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {16-23}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-301-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-301-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Royani, s and Alijanpor, s and Shirbaghaei, z and Khorasaninejad, R and Roshandel, GH and Ayatollahi, AA and Joshaghani, HR}, title = {The Comparison of Serum Vitamin D Level in Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia and Minor Thalassemia}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Of the most common hypochromic microcytic anemia are iron deficiency anemia and minor thalassemia, which are common in Iran and their differential diagnosis is extremely important. The level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D is the indication of vitamin D blood status. The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of vitamin D in people with minor thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia with healthy subjects in order to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and iron absorption. Material and Methods: In this case-control study, 24 patients with minor thalassemia, 20 patients with iron deficiency anemia and 24 healthy individuals participated. Groups were matched for age and sex. Testing of Vitamin D level by ELISA, ferritin by quantitative luminescence method and HbA2 by column chromatography was carried out. Results: The number of individuals with low level of vitamin D in iron deficiency group is 15 (75%), in minor thalassemia group is 8 (33/3%) and in the control group 11 (45.8%). Conclusion: In this study, the highest percentage of vitamin D deficiency is observed in cases with iron deficiency anemia. Because of association between vitamin D and anemia, iron and vitamin D supplementation is recommended to enrich the diet. Keywords: Anemia Minor Thalassemia Iron Deficiency Anemia Vitamin D}, Keywords = {Anemia, Minor Thalassemia, Iron Deficiency Anemia, Vitamin D}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {24-30}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-329-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-329-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Forghani, F and NasrollahiOmran, A and Kouchaki, M and Mirzaie, A}, title = {Frequency of Dermatophytosis in Wrestling and Bodybuilding Halls in Challous, 2010}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: One of the most common diseases of keratin tissues is dermatophytosis caused by dermatophyte fungi. Because of being contagious, it has a high prevalence rate in wrestling and body building gyms. This study was designed to evaluate the process of this disease and improve the hygiene of halls. Material and Methods: The Samples (N= 540) were obtained from athletes and gyms, and a questionnaire was used to gather information. To identify various specious of dermatophyte, the routine diagnostic procedures, culture media, and supplementary tests were performed. Results: Of samples taken from athletes, 59 wrestlers and 11 body builders suffer from dermatophytosis. Trichophytontonsurans (%28.81) and Epidermophytonfloccosum (%36.36) are the main isolates in wrestlers and body builders. Also the rate of epidermophytonfloccosum (%37.5) is the highest in the samples taken from gym mats and halls. Conclusion: Because of high prevalence of dermatophytosis, pay attention to increase of hygiene and training courses for coaches and athletes are crucially important. Keywords: Dermatophytosis Wrestling and Body Building Halls Challous}, Keywords = {Dermatophytosis, Wrestling and Body Building Halls, Challous}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {31-37}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-302-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-302-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Shariati, A and Pordeli, HR and Tajari, ME and Yazarloo, E and Kaghazloo, S and Ebrahimi, N}, title = {Analysis of Anti-Enterococcal Activity of Three Honey Samples in Golestan Province}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Understanding the resistance patterns of bacteria and their sensitivity and attempting to find new compounds with broad effective spectrum would be significant in controlling infection. This study aimed at evaluating antibacterial potential of three honey samples produced in Golestan province, Iran, against Enterococcus faecalis strains. Material and Methods: After the isolation and identification of bacterial strains, their antibiotic resistance was determined using Kirby-Bauer method. Then, seven isolates of Enterococcus faecalis with multidrug-resistance were selected and antibacterial activities of honey samples assessed by disk-diffusion, well-diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC). Results: The highest diameter of inhibition zone in disk-diffusion and well diffusion methods is 20 mm and 26 mm, respectively. Also the MIC is measured 62.5 mg.ml for all samples. Conclusion: In prohibiting microbial growth, all three samples were successful and they could prevent growing bacterial infection in spite of remarkable resistance of Entrococcus. Hence, further research should be conducted to assess the effects of honey samples against other bacteria. Keywords: Multidrug-Resistance Enterococcus spp Honey Golestan Province}, Keywords = { Multidrug-Resistance, Enterococcus spp, Honey, Golestan Province}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {38-45}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-303-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-303-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Shadman, M and AbedianKenari, S and Alizadeh, A and Kaveh, M and Hosseini, V}, title = {Anti-Endomysial and Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase Serological Test Compared with Small Bowel Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Celiac is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by an immune-system-related damage in the intestinal tissue after consumption of gluten. There is not any general agreement for gold standard. The Purpose of this study was the evaluation of specificity and sensitivity of anti-endomysial (EMA) and anti-tissue transglutaminase (TTG) serological test compared to small-bowel biopsy. Material and Methods: In the cross sectional study, we took blood specimen from 1825 patients with gastrointestinal disease. All the samples were tested by TTG and EMA kits using ELISA. The patients were studied in two groups. First, the individuals whom their serologic test was positive but their tissue condition was normal and second, those with positive serologic test with pathologic tissue results that show they have celiac disorder. Results: The mean of EMA and TTG shows that the level of antibodies in group 2 is significantly higher than that of the first group (P ≤0.001). There is positive correlation between modified marsh criteria of small-bowel biopsy and the two tests. The Sensitivity of EMA and TTG tests for celiac diagnosis is 92%. The specificity of EMA, TTG tests are 100% and 98.5%, respectively. Conclusion: EMA-IgA serology with cut-off point of more than 66 together with TTG-IgA serology with cut-off point of above 30 can be helpful to distinguish a wide range of patients who need small-bowel biopsy. Keywords: Celiac Anti-tissue Transglutaminase (TTG) Anti-endomysial (EMA)}, Keywords = {Celiac, Anti-tissue Transglutaminase (TTG), Anti-endomysial (EMA)}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {46-53}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-304-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-304-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Koohsar, F and Amini, A and Ayatollahi, AA and Niknejad, F and AbbasiNejat, Z}, title = {The Prevalence of Intestinal Worms and Amebiasis in Gorgan(2005-2011)}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: In many countries, especially in developing countries, diarrheal diseases is one of the most important causes of mortality. In these countries, due to availability transfer conditions of parasitic infections, (pathogenic and non-pathogenic parasite), have a high prevalence. This study aimed was determining the prevalence of Parasites causing diarrhea in Gorgan . Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1086 Patients with acute diarrhea. The test was performing by the wetmount and formalin-ether concentration method according to WHO protocol. Results: From 1086 patients in study, 197 (18.1%) were infected by intestinal parasites, that 141 (13%) were infected with Protozoan and 79 (7.27%) were infected with intestinal worms. The prevalence of wet mount method was, Entamoebahistolytica in 69 (6.4%), Giardia lamblia in 27 (2.5%), Entamoeba coli in 15 (1.4%), Chilomastixmesnili in 8 (0.7%), and with formalin-ether method was Hymenolepis nana in 26 (2.4%), Trichostrongylus in 16 (1.5%), Enterobiusvermicularis in 10 (0.9%). Conclusion: The high prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica, is indicating protozoan importance as a cause of acute diarrhea. Keywords: Intestinal Parasites Diarrhea Wetmount Formalin Ether Gorgan}, Keywords = {Intestinal Parasites, Diarrhea, Wetmount, Formalin Ether, Gorgan}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {54-60}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-336-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-336-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimzadeh, A and Mohammadi, S and Davoodi, T and SalimiKhorashad, AR and Jamshidi, A}, title = {Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasmosis among Pregnant Women Referring to the Reference Laboratory of Zahedan, Iran (2011)}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections worldwide. Contamination of pregnant women with toxoplasmosis may cause fetal death, preterm delivery and congenital toxoplasmosis. Due to importance of congenital Toxoplasmosis and the need of further study, this research was accomplished in Zahedan. Material and Methods: The serum samples (N= 221) were collected from pregnant women referring to reference laboratory of Zahedan in 2011. The IgG and IgM antibody levels against toxoplasmosis were investigated using ELISA method. Results: Out of all samples, 30.8% are IgG positive and 1.4% are both IgG and IgM positive. There is no significant difference between positive and negative groups using Chi-square tests. Conclusion: The main part of pregnant women in Zahedan (69.2%) is serologically negative against toxoplasmosis therefore, hygiene education to eliminate risk factors especially during pregnancy period seems to be imperative. Keywords: ELISA Antibody Pregnancy Toxoplasma Zahedan}, Keywords = {ELISA, Antibody, Pregnancy, Toxoplasma, Zahedan}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {61-68}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-305-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-305-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Amiri, M and Nazemi, S and Raei, M and Chaman, R and Norouzi, P}, title = {A Comparison of Direct Technique and Formalin-Ether Method in Determining Parasitic Infection among Health-Card Applicants in Shahroud City}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Parasitic infection is one of the major health problems in the world. This study aimed at comparing the accuracy of two methods of direct examination and Formalin-Ether to detect the presence of parasitic infection among health-card applicants in Shahroud city, 2011. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 801 patients seeking health-card. From each patient, three consecutive stool samples were taken and investigated, using direct examination and formalin-ether method. Results: The use of formalin-ether method in recognizing the parasitic infection specially giardia lamblia and entamobea coli is more than the direct method. Conclusion: The formalin-ether method is a more sensitive method than the direct method. But in circumstances that is urgency to respond or aims to see the shape of trophozoite, the use of direct method is recommended. Keywords: Parasitic Infections Health Card Direct Method Formalin-Ether}, Keywords = {Parasitic Infections; Health Card; Direct Method; Formalin-Ether}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {69-74}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-306-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-306-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Naderinasab, M and TayyebiMeibodi, N and Nahidi, Y and Bakhshizadeh, A}, title = {Microbial Contamination of Staff’s Hand while Going out of Hospital}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Cross-transmission of microorganisms by the hands of health care workers is considered as a main transmission route of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial contamination of health-care worker’s hands while going out of hospital. Material and Methods: Wearing the sterile glove with liquid culture, we obtained 100 Samples from the staff’s hands of three departments (clerical department, emergency ward and central laboratory) of Emam Reza hospital. After that, the samples were cultured. Results: Of all personnel, 40% have the habit of washing their hands. Of these, 95 percent wash their hands with water and soap, and 5 percent with alcohol rubs. Of 100 cultured samples, 90 have microorganisms including non-pathogen gram-positive bacillus (29%), coagulase-positive staphylococcus (39%), coagulase-negative staphylococcus (47%), Enterococci (3%), micrococcus (25%) and candida (3%). Contamination in those who had not washed their hands is 62.6% and in those who washed is 37.7% (P=0.04). Conclusion: Hands of health-care workers become progressively contaminated by the potential pathogens during daily activities. To reduce the rate of contamination, it is helpful if we ask staff to wash their hands while going out of hospital. Keywords: Microbial Flora Hospital’s Staff Hand Washing}, Keywords = {Microbial Flora, Hospital’s Staff, Hand Washing }, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {75-79}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-307-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-307-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Sadighian, F and Abedian, Z and Saane-ei, A and Mirkarimi, Z}, title = {Bacterial Agents Isolated from Wards’ Environment and Staff’s Hands in Yahyanejad Hospital, Babol}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Nowadays, nosocomial infection is one of the greatest problems in hospitals. Normal flora of staff’s hands and the bacterial agents on the surface of medical equipment can become progressively colonized with potential pathogens during patient care. This study was carried out to determine the bacterial agents existed on staff’s hands and in the wards of hospital to step in to control nosocomial infection. Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, during 17 months (22.mar.2010- 30.aug.2011), 403 samples, using sterile swab , were randomly obtained from the staff’s hands and medical equipment of emergency departments , ICU, male operation room and female surgical unit . The samples were cultured on Blood agar (BA) and Eosin methylene blue (EMB). Then, identification of isolated bacteria was done with diagnostic tests. Results: Of 430 samples, 530 bacteria were isolated from staff’s hands (N= 291) and medical equipment (N= 234). The most common bacterium from personnel’s hands (144 49.5%) and medical equipment (24 10%) is Staphylococcus aureus. Also, three isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa from staff’s hands of male surgical ward and medical equipment of ICU, and two isolates of Acinetobacter.spp from ICU’s medical equipment were identified. Conclusion: With regard to the findings, it seems that applying the appropriate disinfectant agents by using standard procedures is necessary. Keywords: Medical Equipment Staff’s Hand Nosocomial Infection Staphylococcus Aureus}, Keywords = {Medical Equipment, Staff’s Hand, Nosocomial Infection, Staphylococcus Aureus}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {80-84}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-308-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-308-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Kharazi-Nejad, E and Nakhaee, A and Taheri, M}, title = {Increased Serum Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Activities in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: One of the diabetes complications is the tissue damage caused by the imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants (oxidative stress). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the activity of two antioxidant enzymes -superoxide dismutase and catalase- in the serum of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Material and Methods: This investigation was conducted on adult male rats assigned to diabetic and control groups. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Seven weeks after diabetes induction, glucose concentration, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of the serum were assessed. Results: Glucose concentration of streptozotocin-injected animals was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.001). The level of Serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in diabetes group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.01). There was a positive significant correlation between glucose concentration and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (P<0.001). Conclusion: The high activity of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats is probably due to compensation responses to oxidative stress produced by high concentration of free radicals. It seems that the higher glucose concentration, the greater compensatory responses. Keywords: Diabetes, Streptozotocin, Antioxidant, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase}, Keywords = {Diabetes, Streptozotocin, Antioxidant, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-337-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-337-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rafeemehr, H}, title = {The Assessment of Erythrocyte Reduced Glutathione Concentration in the Neonates suffered from G6PD Deficiency}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Glutathione as a master antioxidant plays a key role in eliminating free radicals from your body and in preserving cell membrane integrity esp. blood cells. We aimed to assess the Erythrocyte Glutathione level of favism and non-favism neonates. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in Ekbatan hospitals of Hamadan (2009) on 15 favism patients and 60 non-favism ones matched by sex and age. Using Beutler method, the reduced Glutathione (GSH) level of red blood cells was measured. Results: Based on the results, the amount of erythrocyte GSH in favism patients was 14.99±4.62 mg/dl and that of controls was 58.2±10.59 mg/dl. Conclusion: the results show that the erythrocyte GSH in favism patients is significantly lower than that of non-favism subjects therefore, the former seems more likely to be afflicted by hemolytic crises owing to the use of oxidant stuff. Keywords: Favism Glutathone Neonates G6PD}, Keywords = {Favism, Glutathone, Neonates, G6PD}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {9-12}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-338-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-338-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Sharifi, A and Razmi, N and Naghsh, N}, title = {The Antioxidant Effect of Camellia Sinesison on the Liver Damage Induced by Tioacetamide in Male Mice}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Flavonoids play an important role in non-enzymatic reaction against oxidative stress. These are polyphenolic compounds in tea structure that could be reacted with free radicals and neutralized them. In this study, we investigated the anti-oxidant impact of Camellia Sinesis on the liver of thioacetamide -injected male albino mice. Material and Methods: In this study, 40 male mice were categorized in five groups of eight. The first group was control. The second and the third group received 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg of thioacetamide, respectively. The fourth group received 100mg/kg thioacetamide followed by black tea (5 gr/100) and the fifth one received 150mg/kg thioacetamide followed by black tea (5 gr/100). Tioacetamide was given via intraperitoneal. After that, for 30 days, they were only fed on black tea (5 gr/100). At the end, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were measured. Results: Based on the results, catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activity were significantly increased in the groups of Thioacetamide and black tea compared to those of only Thioacetamide groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The increase of these enzymes in tea groups shows the anti-oxidant effect of black tea that can be caused by Catechin. Keywords: Antioxidant Thioacetamide Black Tea Glutathione Peroxidase Catalase}, Keywords = {Antioxidant, Thioacetamide, Black Tea, Glutathione Peroxidase, Catalase}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {13-18}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-339-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-339-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Asadi, J and Eshghinia, S and Taleban, FA and Vaghari, GR and Esmaillzadeh, A}, title = {Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of the Foods with Different Glycemic Indices on Blood Glucose and Serum Free Fatty Acids in Cycling, Male Athletes}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Carbohydrates are considered as the major source of energy in physical activity. Studies show that consumption of carbohydrate foods before exercise can balance blood glucose and free fatty acids and increase athletes’ performance. In this study , we compared the effect of three kinds of foods with different glycemic indices on blood glucose (BG) and serum free fatty acids (FFA) in cycling ,male athletes. Material and Methods: In this clinical trial, 21 members of national cycling team randomly allocated to three equal groups of glucose (low glycemic index) ، lentil (low glycemic index) and potato (high glycemic index). First, Fasting blood samples (5ml) were obtained to measure BG and FFA . Then the subjects were asked to eat their foods. After 45 mins of rest, they pedaled with maximal oxygen consumption VO2max) for two hours and again their blood samples were taken to compare with the levels of before interventions. Results: Glucose consumption resulted in a significant decrease in FFA level after 2 hours of pedaling (P = 0.01) but no significant change in BG level. Plasma glucose was higher after eating lentil than that of potato (P<0.05), but it was not true for FFA level of both groups. Conclusion: based on the results, the pre-exercise use of low glycemic index (lentil) compared to high glycemic index (potato) can better lead to increased blood glucose during exercise. Keywords: Glycemic Index, Blood Glucose, Serum Free Fatty Acids, Cyclists}, Keywords = {Glycemic Index, Blood Glucose, Serum Free Fatty Acids, Cyclists}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {19-26}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-340-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-340-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Baharifar, H}, title = {Measurement of C- Reactive Protein (CRP ) Using Magnetic Nanobeads Add ELISA}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Magnetic nanobeads have a large surface- area-to-volume ratio, which is used for immobilized antibody. Using nanoparticles could increase the amount of antibodies in surface in comparison to ELISA. We investigated the ability of magnetic nanobeads to evaluate CRP by colorimetric method and compared the results with ELISA. Material and Methods: This study is an applicable research conducted in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2012. The Magnetic nanobeads conjugated by CRP antibodies were used to measure the protein in the concentration of 1-10 ng/ml (ELISA kit levels) and 0.1 – 0.01 ng/ml. After antigen measurement, the results were compared with Mann Whitney test. Results: The results in concentration of 1-10 ng/ml are not significantly different (p = 0.78). But In concentrations of 0.1-0.01 ng/ml, the difference is significant (p= 0.02). Conclusion: The ability of Magnetic nanobeads in measurement of low concentration of antigen is 100 times better than ELISA. Thus Magnetic nanobead method is useful for early measurement and can easily be used in clinical laboratory. Keywords: CRP Magnetic Nanobead ELISA}, Keywords = {CRP, Magnetic Nanobead, ELISA}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {27-33}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-341-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-341-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Tavilani, H and Setarehbadi, R and Fattahi, A and Nasrollahi, SH and Karimi, J and Shafiee, G and Hosseinipanah, M}, title = {The Relationship between Plasma Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Sex Hormones during the Menstrual Cycle}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objective: There is increasing evidence for the role of oxidative stress in female reproductive tract. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of antioxidant enzymes during menstrual cycle. In addition, the relationship between activity of antioxidant enzyme and sex hormones was evaluated. Materials and methods: In this study the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity during the menses, follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in twenty women with regular menstrual cycle were studied. Furthermore, the correlation between activity of antioxidant enzymes and estradiol, progesterone, LH, FSH and testosterone were evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference between activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity during the menses, follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle (P>0.05). We found significant correlation, in luteal phase, between superoxide dismutase and FSH (P<0.05، r=0.44) and LH P<0.05،r=0.54). Also it is observed between LH and glutathione peroxidase (P<0.05، r=0.44). Conclusion: Based on the results, there is no significant difference between antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity of plasma during menstrual cycle. In other words, physiologic system of women with regular menstrual cycle can protect body against oxidative stress and this is probably performed due to action of FSH and LH hormones. Keywords: Antioxidants Menstrual cycle Sex hormones}, Keywords = {Antioxidants, Menstrual cycle, Sex hormones}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {34-40}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-378-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-378-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Kazeminejad, v and Azarhoosh, R}, title = {Identification of Malignant Cells in Serous Fluids Using a Panel of Monoclonal Cytokeratin Antibodies, Epithelial Membrane Antigen(EMA) , Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA)}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Identification of malignant cells and the type of malignancy in Effusionsis very important. The main aim of this study was to differentiate between reactive mesothelial cells and malignant cells and to determine the type of the tumor cells in effusions with the aid of tumor markers Creatine Kinase (CK), EMA and CEA. Material and Methods: Forty serous fluid cytology samples delivered to pathology laboratory of Panje- Azar Hospital (15 were malignant and 25 were suspected for malignancy) were stained by immunocytochemistry technique with the aid of aforementioned tumor markers, CK, EMA and CEA. Results: Of 15 malignancy cases, 13 were positive for three markers and the rest were negative just for CEA. In 25 of suspected to malignancy for EMA: 15 were strongly and 6 weakly positive and 4 were negative for CK : 10 were strongly and 5 weakly positive and 5 cases were negative and for CEA : 5 were strongly and 5 weakly positive and 15 were negative. Conclusion: Totally, % 87.5 of malignant fluid were positive for CK marker and %90 for EMA marker. EMA and CK were found to be the most reliable epithelial markers and very useful in differentiating carcinoma cells from reactive mesithelial cells. In Ten (40%) of the samples suspected to adenocarcinoma, CEA was positive and this indicate that CEA can be an important reference for identifying malignant effusions. Keywords: Monoclonal Antibody Cytokeratin Epithelial Memberane Antigen Carcinoemberyonic Antigen}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {41-46}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-379-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-379-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Gharibi, Z and Daadras, F and Maghsood, M and Fallah,, M and Saeedijam, M}, title = {Identification of Intestinal Microsporidia by Trichrome Staining and Calcofluor White Methods among Kidney- Transplanted Patients in Hamadan}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Microsporidia is an obligatory intracellular parasite known as an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Its laboratory diagnosis is relatively difficult and modified trichrome staining is a standard diagnostic method for detection of Microsporidia. The aim of present study was to identify intestinal Microsporidia in kidney- transplanted patients, using modified Trichrome Staining and Calcofluor White Methods. Material and Methods: In 2012, 180 stool specimens were taken from kidney transplanted- patients given immunosuppressive drugs in Hamadan, Iran. To identify Microsporidia we use modified Trichrome Staining and Calcofluor White Methods. Results: The mean duration of kidney transplant and immunosuppressive drug using was 5.5 Years. Only one female patient was positive for Microsporidia. Conclusions: Owing to low frequency of this opportunistic infection among kidney transplanted patients, we can conclude that their hygienic conditions are good enough and they are not exposed with the parasites. Key words:Microsporidia, Modified Trichrome Staining,Kidney Transplant, Calcofluor White, Hamadan}, Keywords = {Microsporidia, Modified Trichrome Staining,Kidney Transplant, Calcofluor White, Hamadan}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {47-52}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-342-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-342-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mikaeili, A and Rahmati,, KH and Ebrahimi, A and Nazari, N}, title = {Epidemiological Characters of Pityriasis Versicolor and Erythrasma among Admitted Patients of Medical Mycology Lab of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences 1994 -2011}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Superficial mycoses are increasing in special conditions. This retrospective study was conducted to determine the epidemiological parameters of Pityriasis versicolor and Erythrasma during 1994 – 2011. Material and Methods: In this study, we assessed the results of direct microscopic study and the other data of the patients for Pityriasis versicolor and Erythrasma in 1994 – 2011. Results: Of 2265, 1294 (57%) suffered from pityriasis versicolor, who were mostly males (60%). The highest frequency was related to 20-29 year old and the lowest to 0-9. High school and university students were the most infected groups (33%), September was the most common period and the most common site of involvement was chest and abdomen. The people infected with Erythrasma (971 42%), were mostly 30 -39 year old , males( 58% ) , urban ( 98% ) , reported in July and involved in groin. Conclusion: The frequency of both diseases was high in active age group, males, and the hot months of the year, which are the most common predisposing factors. Keywords: Pityriasis versicolor Erythrasma Kermanshah}, Keywords = {Pityriasis versicolor, Erythrasma, Kermanshah}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {53-57}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-388-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-388-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Jafari, AA and Saadat, P and Gharachaeii, S and Jafari, H}, title = {The Frequency of the Accidental Contamination with Laboratory Samples in Yazd Clinical Laboratories’ personnel in 2011}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Laboratory personnel have always accidental exposure to clinical samples, which can cause the transmission of infection. This threat can be prevented and controlled by education for the use of safety instruments. The purpose was to determine the frequency of accidental exposure to laboratory samples among Yazd laboratory personnel in 2011. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 of Yazd clinical laboratory personnel. The data was collected, using a valid and reliable questioner, via interview and analyzed by means of SPSS software. Results: Eighty-six percent of the subjects reported an experience of accidental exposure to clinical samples, such as blood, serum and urine. The causes were carelessness (41%) and work overload (29%). Needle- stick was the most prevalent injury (52%) particularly in sampler workers (51%) and in their hands (69%). There wasn’t significant relationship between accidental exposure to laboratory samples and the variables such as private and governmental laboratories (p=0.517), kind of employment (p=0.411), record of services (p=0.439) and academic degree (p=0.454). The subjects aged 20-29 (p=0.034) and worked in sampling unit had the highest accidental exposure. Conclusion: Based on the results, inexperience of the personnel especially in sampling room, overload at work and ignorance of applying safety instruments are known as the most important reasons for accidental exposure to clinical samples. Keywords: Contamination Accidental Exposure Infectious Agents Laboratory Personnel}, Keywords = {Contamination, Accidental Exposure, Infectious Agents, Laboratory, Personne}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {58-65}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-345-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-345-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mosayebi, M and Ghorbanzadeh, B and Eslamirad, Z and Ejtehadifar, M and Rastad, B}, title = {The Isolation and Detection of Acanthamoeba in Rural Water Sources of Arak, Iran}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Acanthamoeba species are free-living protozoa that can be isolated from all environments. They can bring about different diseases in healthy individuals and immune suppressed patients, for example, Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis (GAE), Acanthamoeba Keratitis (AK), Cutaneous and Nasopharyngeal infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Acanthamoeba prevalence in rural water sources of Markazi province. Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 54 water samples were collected from 36 villages of Markus province. First, the Samples were filtered by filter paper (watchman 42). Next, the filtered paper were placed in page saline solution and centrifuged. Then, the obtained sediment was cultured on non-nutrient agar (NNA) plates overlaid with heat-killed Escherichia coli. After that, the provided smear (after 4 - 7 days) stained with Geimsa. Results: The samples were positive (33 61.11%) and negative (21 38.89%) for Acanthamoeba cyst. The best result for isolation of Acanthamoeba cysts was obtained after shaking of filter paper. Conclusion: A high percentage of rural water sources have been contaminated with Acanthamoeba, which can be the major factor in causing human infections. Therefore, some effective methods are required to prevent from water sources contamination. Keywords: Acanthamoeba Acanthamoeba Keratitis Markazi Province Rural Water Sources}, Keywords = {Acanthamoeba, Acanthamoeba Keratitis, Markazi Province, Rural, Water Sources}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {66-71}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-390-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-390-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Gharavi, MJ and Roozbehani, M and Ajodani, AH and YosefiDarestani, S}, title = {Seroprevalence of Campylobacter Jejuni in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and in Healthy Individuals}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: The patients with Post-Infectious Irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), a subtype of irritable bowel syndrome, suffer from bacterial gastroenteritis. Since campylobacter Jejuni (CJ) is one of the most common agents in this syndrome, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Campylobacter Jejuni in patients with Irritable Bowel Disease. Material and Methods: This case - control study was conducted on 160 patients divided into 2 equal groups of healthy and unhealthy. The presence of Anti- CJ antibody (IgG and IgA) was evaluated by ELISA and the comparison was performed by chi-square test. Results: The mean age of case (31.51) and control (31.84) was not statistically different (P = 0.87). Titer of Anti- Campylobacter Jejuni antibody IgG was positive in 25% of patients and 18.8% of the healthy ones (p=0.02). IgA Seropositivity in patients was 7.5% but no one in control group was positive (p =0.01) Conclusion: Seroprevalence of Cj in patients with IBS was higher significantly than that of control group. Thus, Cj can be known as one of the causes of Post-infection in patients with IBS in our region and it should be paid more attention in diagnostic assessment of these patients. Keyword: Irritable Bowel Syndrome Campylobacter Jejuni Antibody}, Keywords = {Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Campylobacter Jejuni, Antibody}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {72-77}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-346-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-346-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Dastmardi, M and Ebrahimi, A and Mirdamadi, AZ and Ebrahimi, A and Ebrahimi, H and EbrahimzadehRajaee, SH}, title = {Introducing a Method for Achieving Standardization and Harmonization in Clinical and Research Laboratory Centers}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Proficiency testing schemes as a part of quality system in clinical and research laboratory centers provides the opportunity to evaluate the quality of test results. In this paper, we try to introduce the proficiency testing schemes as a useful method for achieving standardization and homogenization of test results in clinical and research laboratory centers. Keywords: Proficiency Testing Schemes, Quality Improvement, Laboratory Centers}, Keywords = {Proficiency Testing Schemes, Quality Improvement, Laboratory Centers}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {78-84}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-348-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-348-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Semnani, sh and Roshandel, GH and Faghih, H and Ghasemikebria, F and Joshghani, H}, title = {Seroprevalence of Campylobacter Jejuni in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and in Healthy Individuals}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: The patients with Post-Infectious Irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), a subtype of irritable bowel syndrome, suffer from bacterial gastroenteritis. Since campylobacter Jejuni (CJ) is one of the most common agents in this syndrome, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Campylobacter Jejuni in patients with Irritable Bowel Disease. Material and Methods: This case - control study was conducted on 160 patients divided into 2 equal groups of healthy and unhealthy. The presence of Anti- CJ antibody (IgG and IgA) was evaluated by ELISA and the comparison was performed by chi-square test. Results: The mean age of case (31.51) and control (31.84) was not statistically different (P = 0.87). Titer of Anti- Campylobacter Jejuni antibody IgG was positive in 25% of patients and 18.8% of the healthy ones (p=0.02). IgA Seropositivity in patients was 7.5% but no one in control group was positive (p =0.01) Conclusion: Seroprevalence of Cj in patients with IBS was higher significantly than that of control group. Thus, Cj can be known as one of the causes of Post-infection in patients with IBS in our region and it should be paid more attention in diagnostic assessment of these patients. Keyword: Irritable Bowel Syndrome Campylobacter Jejuni Antibody}, Keywords = {Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Campylobacter Jejuni, Antibody}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {85-89}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-349-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-349-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Korourian, A and Mirhoseyni, M}, title = {The Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in High School Students of Baft in 2009}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common nutritional problems in the world. This research aimed at determining the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in one of the most endangered age group in Baft, Iran. Material and Method: this cross-sectional study was conducted on 325 high school students selected via simple random sampling (165boysand 160girls). The participants with MCV≤ 80µm or MCH ≤ 27 Pg who had simultaneously TIBC ≤ 15 % or Ferritin ≤ 1 5 ng/ml were considered as an iron deficiency anemia. Results: considering MCV and MCH, the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in girls (14.37%) and boys (2.42%) was significantly different (P <0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in high school students of Baft is significantly high in comparison with other studies. To increase students' intellectual and physical performance, Screening and treatment of iron deficiency are recommended. Keywords: Anemia Iron Deficiency Baft Students}, Keywords = {Anemia, Iron Deficiency, Baft, Students}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {90-95}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-350-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-350-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Dadgar, T and Ghaemi, E and Bahador, N and ImaniFooladi, A and Kamareie, F}, title = {Detection of Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxin Genes A-E}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: The main cause of spreading staphylococcal infections among patients is the healthy carriers working in hospitals. With the secretion of different sorts of toxins such as entrotoxin, this bacteria can provide the conditions for attacking on the host. The main objective of this study is identification of the characteristics and differences in the Staphylococcus aureus isolated from healthy carriers and from the patients on the basis of enterotoxin genes (sea-see). Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty of the patients and 80 of healthy carriers worked in health centers of Gorgan, north of Iran, were investigated for S. aureus isolate. The isolates were evaluated by PCR for Enterotoxin Genes A-E (SEA to SEE). Results: Enterotoxin genes (SEA to SEE) was found in 87.5% of the total isolates and the most frequent one was enterotoxin gene sea (N= 124). The prevalence of these isolates in healthy carriers was significantly higher than those of the patients. Conclusion: Based on the results, the high percentage of S. aureus isolated from clinical samples contains enterotoxin genes. Therefore, Human as the source and carrier of S. aureus is paramount importance, which is due to significant relationship between being toxigenic strains and the source of isolation. Key words: Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxin Patient Carrier}, Keywords = {Staphylococcus aureus, Enterotoxin, patient, carrier}, volume = {7}, Number = {5}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-357-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-357-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Eramabadi, M and Tadayon, K and Mosavari, N and Keshavarz, R and Banihashemi, R and Ghaderi, R and Sekhavati, M and Ahmadi, M and Eramabadi, P and KhodaverdiDaryan, E}, title = {Identification of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex, Using Molecular Methods}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: A high level of homogeneity observed within all bacteria in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex makes a property that seriously challenges traditional biochemical-based identification methods of these pathogens in the laboratory. The work presented here was conducted to characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates in Golestan, Northern Iran. Material and Methods: Between 2008 and 2010, 42 mycobacterial isolates were collected from clinical tuberculosis-suspected patients in Golestan province. The isolates were sub-cultured on fresh Mycobacterium-specific culture media including glycerinated and pyruvated Lowenstein-Jensen slopes. The isolates were subsequently subjected to a PCR-based identification scheme coined Huard-Warren method. This strategy consisted of three individual algorithms namely, 16SrRNA RV typing (Rv0577, Rv3877.8, Rv1970, Rv3120, Rv1510 and IS1561) and RD typing (RD1, RD 4, RD9 and RD12). Results: All isolates were proved to be M. tuberculosis. Furthermore, none of the patients were being infected with any other member of the M. tuberculosis complex or simultaneously co-infected with two mycobacteria. This fundamental observation was independently obtained by specific culture media, RV typing and also RD typing. Conclusion: Considering the fact that cattle and sheep farming play an important role in the economy of the region, absence of Mycobacterium bovis in the studied isolates can be unexpected to some extent. Huard-Warren which is a simple and cost-effective identification method can be used in both reference and regional laboratory for differential diagnosis of tuberculosis. Keywords: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex, Huard-WarrenMethod, 16SrRNA, Golestan Province, RD Typing, RV Typing}, Keywords = {Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex, Huard-WarrenMethod, 16SrRNA, Golestan Province, RD Typing, RV Typing}, volume = {7}, Number = {5}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-360-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-360-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Naghsh, N and Nikbakht, Z and Doudi, M}, title = {The Comparison Effect of Nanocopper Particles and Melissa Officinalis Essential Oil on Growth Inhibition of Escherichia Coli and Streptococcus Mutans}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: the plants with the less side effects and drug resistance have been used worldwide. In this study, we compared the inhibitory effects of nanocopper and essential oil of Melissa officinalisL.a on E.coli and S.mutans in In Vitro condition. Material and Methods: for studying diameter of inhibitory zone, disk agar diffusion method was used. Then, antibacterial effects of these substances were evaluated by treating them for 24 hours in Nanocopper particles (concentration of 100 and 500 ppm) and essential oil (12.5% to 100%), and analyzed by ANOVA. Results: twenty-four hours after treatment, nanocopper had no inhibitory effect on these bacteria. However, the diameter of inhibitory zone for E.coli and S.mutans was 31.30±0.13mm and 16.30±0.13mm, respectively. There was not any synergistic effect between different concentrations of this plant and 500ppm of nanocopper after 24 hours of treatment on E.coli. But for S. Mutans, the diameter of inhibitory zone for mixture of 50% & 25% essential oil and 500ppm concentration of nanocupper was increased significantly compared to only essential oil (p=0.001,p=0.01). Conclusion: based on the findings, nanocopper particles and essential oil of Melissa officinalis L.a have not any synergic effects on E.coli, but with some concentrations of this plant the reverse is true on S.mutans. Keywords: Essential Oil of Melissa Officinalis, Nanocopper Particles, E.Coli, S.Mutans}, Keywords = {Essential Oil of Melissa Officinalis, Nanocopper Particles, E.Coli, S.Mutans}, volume = {7}, Number = {5}, pages = {16-22}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-361-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-361-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Nazemi, A and Vaseghi, N and Khatamineja, M and NasrollahiOmran, A and Eskandari, M}, title = {Expression of Bacillus Species Isolated Phytase Gene from Soil by PCR Method}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Recognizing and using of isolated phytase in the soil microorganisms are paramount importance to produce the Phytase enzyme utilized commercially in different industries. This study was conducted to recognize different bacillus species which are Phytase producers and detection of the gene that can produce this enzyme. Material and Methods: Soil samples were gathered through different parts of mountainous areas. The early isolation of bacillus was carried out in Bacillus Medium Agar. After isolating the bacteria and genome extraction, the responsible gene of enzyme producer recognized and amplified by PCR method. The size of this protein and the optimal production situation in supplemental exploitation such as SDS-PAGE and the enzymatic activity of its size were evaluated. Results: Of 40 samples, one bacterium secreting Phytase enzyme was isolated. This bacterium was sequenced and recognized Bacillus Sobtlis species that is classified in STR Genus. The size of protein phytase produced by this gene was about 45 KD and the enzyme activity at 55 degrees was measured about 5.65 in wavelength of 415 NM. The phytase gene with the size of 1200 bp was propagated. Conclusion: the microorganisms, in natural conditions, produce Phytase enzyme in limited amount and with the quality appropriate to microorganisms. Thus, isolating the bacilli producing Phytase enzyme and purifying this protein are highly significant. Key words: Bacillus Subtilis Phytase SDS-PAGE Enzymatic Activity Polymerization Chain Reaction}, Keywords = {Bacillus Subtilis, Phytase, SDS-PAGE, Enzymatic Activity, Polymerization Chain Reaction}, volume = {7}, Number = {5}, pages = {23-28}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-362-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-362-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rasoulinasab, M and Habibnia, SH and Heidarieh, P and Pourmand, MR and Fatahi, M and Eshraghi, SS}, title = {Comparison of Paraffin Bait, Humic Acid Vitamin B Agar and Paraffin Agar Methods to Isolate Nocardia from Soil}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: The Isolation of Nocardia species is complex and time-consuming, which is due to rapid growth of adjacent bacteria. Because of the importance of a specific medium with the ability of controlling intrusive microorganisms, this study aimed at comparing three laboratory methods to introduce the reliable isolation technique for Nocardia species. Material and Methods: The soil samples were collected from different regions of Tehran province, Iran, and carefully transferred to the laboratory. The samples were cultured in three different media including Paraffin Baiting,Humic acid vitamin B agar and Paraffin agar, and incubated for 3-4 weeks at 35 °C. Results: Of 110 soil samples, 31 Nocardia isolates (28.18%) were obtained from the media including Paraffin Baiting, (19 17.27%), Humic acid and vitamin B agar (4 3.63%), and Paraffin agar, (8 7.27%). Conclusion: because of high rate of isolation, low cost and the clearance of colonies suspected nocardia, Paraffin Bait technique is more reliable and efficient compared to the other methods. Key words: Nocardia Soil Paraffin Baiting Humic Acid Vitamin B}, Keywords = {Nocardia, Soil, Paraffin Baiting, Humic Acid Vitamin B}, volume = {7}, Number = {5}, pages = {29-36}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-363-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-363-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Eiri, AJ and NasrollahiOmran, AA and Pordeli, HR}, title = {Antifungal Activity of Soil Chitinolytic Bacilli}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Chitin, which is a linear polymer of N-acetyl glucosamine residues, has been the most abundant polymer in nature after cellulose. In recent decades, Chitinases have received increased attention because of their wide range of applications, especially in biological control against fungi. Material and Methods: the isolation of bacilli producing chitinolytic enzymes was performed by collecting 40 soil samples from various regions of Gorgan, northern of Iran. The chitinolytic potential of the isolates was indicated by observation of clear zone in colloidal chitin agar medium. Identification of selected strains was performed by polyphasic taxonomy, and subtler identification and sequensing were carried out by extraction DNA. Antifungal effect was evaluated by well method against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) Aspergillusniger (ATCC 2029)،Aspergillusflavus (IR6) Fusariumoxyporum (PTCC 5115) and Alternariaalternata (PTCC 5224). Results: Nine colonies of chitinase positive bacillus were isolated on choloidal Chitin Agar (CCA) and five of them had antifungal effect. R6 strain had the highest, and R2 and R3 had the lowest effect on fungi. The 16S rRNA sequence of these isolations in comparison with the known bacteria has 95-97% similarity. Conclusion: Some of the soil bacteria can have antagonestic effects on human and phytopathogenic agents existed in soil. Keywords: Bacillus Chitinase Soil Antifungal}, Keywords = {Bacillus, Chitinase, Soil, Antifungal }, volume = {7}, Number = {5}, pages = {37-44}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-364-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-364-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ansarinia, H and Zare, F and Hadinedoushan, H}, title = {Comparison of Wright Agglutination Test and ELISA in Diagnosis of Brucellosis}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: In our country, the Wright test routinely is used for diagnosing brucellosis. Because of its low sensitivity, the range of false-negative results is high. Therefore, we aimed at comparing Wright and ELISA in the people suspected brucellosis. Material and Methods: The results of Wright, 2ME, Coombs Wright tests were compared with Anti-Brucella IgG, Anti-Brucella IgM. Of 1183 subjects referred for Wright test, 148 of them were investigated for Coombs Wright and 228 for 2ME Wright. In addition to Wright test for 32 cases, Brucella IgG and IgM classes were also experimented. Results: Wright test was negative in 95.4% of cases. Of these negative results, 2.3% were positive for Coombs Wright. Eight-point-five percent of the cases were positive for Coombs Wright test and 4.7% for 2ME Wright test. Sixteen cases were negative for both Wright and ELISA. In 8 cases of Wright-negative, ELISA IgM class was positive and IgG class was negative, and in 4 cases of Wright-negative, ELISA IgM was negative and IgG was positive. About 4 cases of Wright-positive, IgM and IgG antibody classes were positive. Conclusion: Due to the mismatch between the results of Wright agglutination test and ELISA method and with regard to availability, high sensitivity and determining the type of antibody classes in ELISA, it is focused on ELISA method for brucellosis diagnosis. Keywords: Brucellosis Wright ELISA}, Keywords = {Brucellosis, Wright, ELISA}, volume = {7}, Number = {5}, pages = {45-50}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-365-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-365-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Esmaeili, R and Amir-zargar, MA and Nazari, M and Alikhan, M}, title = {Prevalence of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections in Patients before and after of Kidney Transplantation}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Urinary tract infections and bacteremia are the major problems in renal transplant patients, which are mostly due to immunesuppressive regimens, surgery, and exposure to the germs in hospital. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial agents in the blood and urine samples of kidney transplant candidates. Material and Methods: In this one-year-long study, thirty-three renal transplant candidates were assessed for urine and blood cultures. One urine and blood samples from each patient before transplantation and three samples after transplantation were collected. The Samples, using standard microbiological methods, were investigated and infectious organisms identified. Results: In 133 urine samples, Escherichia coli (20.5%), Enterobacter spp. (5.3%), Klebsiella spp. (3 %) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (1.5%) were isolated. In the blood samples, Enterobacter spp. (9.1%), Escherichia coli (6.8%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3.8%) and Klebsiella spp. (0.8%) were isolated. Conclusion: The results indicate that urinary tract infection was high in patients with transplanted kidney, and E. coli is the most common cause of this infection. Keywords: Kidney Transplantation Bacterial infections Urinary Tract and Blood Infections Escherichia Coli}, Keywords = {Kidney Transplantation, Bacterial infections, Urinary Tract and Blood Infections, Escherichia Coli}, volume = {7}, Number = {5}, pages = {51-56}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-366-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-366-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Esmaeili, R and YousefiMashouf, R and Moshtaghi, A and Alikhani, M}, title = {Frequency and Detection of Antibiotic - Resistance Patterns in Bacteria Isolated from Children}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Bacterial infectioins in particular meningitis, pneumonia and septicemia are still some of the most causes of mortalities in children.The aim of present study was to identify the most common bacterial agents causing infectionis in children under 14 and detection of antibiotic resistance paterns. Material and Methods: During two years,1897samples were obtained from the patients suspected bacterial infectioins. They were investigated for bacterial cultures, age, sex and antibiogram patterns. The species were identified by biochemical and serological methods. Results: Of 1897 samples, 563 (29.6%) had positve bacterial culture. Of these 74.7% were gram negative and 25.3% gram positive . The most common species were Escherichia coli(34.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.1%), Psuedomonas aeroginosa (12.4%), Kelebsiella (11%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (5.7%). The most effective antibiotics against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria were ceftriaoxne, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, amikacin and gentamycin. Conclusion: The gram negative bacteria in particular Escherichia coli, Psuedomonas aeroginosa and Kelebsiella are the predominant causes of bacterial infections in children under 14 in these regions. Most species showed a high relative resisitance to routine antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim and chloramphenicol. Key Words: Bacteria Infection Children Antibiotic}, Keywords = {Bacteria, Infection, Children, Antibiotic}, volume = {7}, Number = {5}, pages = {57-64}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-367-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-367-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {HabibiNava, F and HashemiKarouei, M and Shafahi, SH}, title = {Determination of Antibiotic Resistance and Synergistic Effect of Multiple Antibiotics on Helicobacter Pylori Isolated from the Stomach Ulcer Biopsy Specimens}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) to antibiotics is the main cause of relapse into Helcobacterial infections. With the use of several antibiotics that have synergistic effect, we can inhibit this antibiotic resistance. Thus, we aimed at determining resistance patterns and assessing the synergy of combining multiple antibiotics on H. pylori. Material and Methods: Biopsy specimens were taken from 100 patients with gastric ulcer referred to Imam Reza hospital in Amol, north of Iran. After isolation and identification of H. Pylori, antibiogram was performed with different antibiotic disks containing one antibiotic, a combination of two antibiotics (metronidazole + clarithromycin) and three antibiotics (metronidazole + Claritromycin + Ciprofloxacin). Results: In this study, H. pylori were isolated from 53 (53%) biopsy specimens. Of these, 49 (5.92%) were resistant to metronidazole, 14 (26%) to amoxicillin, 10 (19%) to clarithromycin, 7 (13%) to tetracycline, 13 (5/24%) to furazolidone and 7 (13%) to ciprofloxacin. In survey of synergistic effect, an increase in inhibition zone diameter around of combined disks was seen up to 5mm compared to the most effective antibiotic. Conclusion: The inhibition zone diameter of discs containing two and three antibiotics was large, in comparison with one antibiotic. Key words: H. Pylori Antibiotic Resistance Synergy Effect}, Keywords = {H. Pylori, Antibiotic Resistance, Synergy Effect}, volume = {7}, Number = {5}, pages = {65-70}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-434-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-434-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Golsha, R and Kazeminejad, V and Barzegari, A and Besharat, S and GhasemiKebria, F}, title = {Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Gorgan}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: The excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics will lead to drug resistance of microorganism and specially nosocomial organisms. Because of high incidence of antibiotic resistance in hospitals, we aimed to study antibiotic resistance to gram negative bacteria. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the data of biological samples (2006-2008), with positive culture result. Using antibiogram, microbial resistance to isolated microorganism was determined, and after culturing the samples, bacteria were identified by using differential media and antiserum. Then, antibiotic resistance was performed by disk diffusion. Results: The most common gram-negative microorganism obtained from all cultures was Ecoli with the lowest drug resistance to Nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: Based on the results, antimicrobial resistance pattern is not the same in different places and furthermore it is ever changing. Therefore, further research is needed to be done to have an accurate pattern of antibiotic resistance to provide effective treatment regimens. Key words: Antibiotic Resistance Disk Diffusion Gram Negative Bacteria Gorgan}, Keywords = {Antibiotic Resistance, Disk Diffusion, Gram Negative Bacteria, Gorgan }, volume = {7}, Number = {5}, pages = {71-74}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-368-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-368-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2014} }