@article{ author = {Pourhossein, m and Roberts, I.S}, title = {Expression of E.coli capsular polysaccharide requires the KfiB protein:A Structural based analysis}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objectives: important virulence factor for many invasive bacterial pathogens of humans. Escherichia coli offer a model system to study the mechanisms by which capsular polysaccharides are synthesized and exported onto the cell surface of bacteria. Biosynthesis of the E consists of the repeat structure -4) GlcA- (1, 4)-GlcNAc- (1-, requires the KfiA, KfiB, KfiC, and KfiD proteins. Until now , the role of all proteins except KfiB have been kown. Capsular polysaccharide expression is an. coli K5 capsular polysaccharide, which Material and Methods (pMA1) and several derivatives of KfiB expression construct (pMA2-6) were made with a 6Xhis-tag at the N-terminus. The presence of the hexa histidin tag facilitated purification of the KfiB protein using Ni : To study the role of the KfiB protein, a full-length2+-NTA chromatography. Results: pPC6::23 and restore capsule production. Successful complementation by pMA1, showed that the fused hexa-histidine tag did not interrupt the function of KfiB and that the full-length KfiB is required for complementation. All plasmids except pMA1 failed to complement the mutation in Roberts, I.S. Conclusion: cytoplasmic membrane. Localization studies revealed that KfiB is associated with the Key words: Escherichia coli, Capsular polysaccharide, KfiB, K5}, Keywords = {Key words: Escherichia coli, Capsular polysaccharide, KfiB, K5}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Bagheri, H and Ghaemi, A and Aslani, M and Mozafari, N and Livani, S and Dadgar, T}, title = {The Prevalence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in cases of Diarrhea in Gorgan, IRAN}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objectives: Diarrhea is one of the main cases of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) is an emerging diarrheal pathogen that has been associated characteristically with persistent diarrhea among infants, particularly in the developing Counties. Therefore, we decided to study the prevalence of enteroaggregative strain in cases of Diarrhea in Gorgan by PCR method. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 455 subjects suffered from Diarrhea in Gorgan during one year (2005-6). At first, the samples were cultivated on the MacConkey agar and EMB agar media, Then all colony Suspected to E.coli were chosen and their DNA extracted by phenol chloroform method. The result was obtained by the selected primer, PCR method. Results: of 455 samples, Twenty cases (4/4%) including men (12) and woman (8) are positive for EAggEC, 85% of sufferers are under 5 years old (45.8% of them are under one year old). The Prevalence of this gene in Summer , Autumn ,Winter ,Spring are 5.3% , 4.2% , 4.1% and 1.8% ,respectively. Conclusion: Based on the prevalence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) in Diarrheagenic cases in Gorgan (4.4%), we do recommend using molecular methods, which are reliable and less expensive than classic methods, in detecting of microorganisms. Key words: Entroaggregative Escherichia coli, Diarrhea, PCR, Gorgan.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-60-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-60-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Ghazisaidi, K and Fateminasab, F and Vatani, SH and Azimi, Y and BakhshandehNosrat, S and Mohamadi, M}, title = {Prostatic massage method versus first -void Urine samples to isolate Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum from urinary tract infection}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objectives: Ureaplasma urealyticum is one of the most important causes of Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) and non-specific urethritis (NSU) in men. Also Mycoplasma hominis has a role in causing NGU and NSU. The aim of this study was the detection of Mycoplasma hominis & Ureaplasma urealyticum in men suffering from NGU and NSU by prostatic massage method and first- void Urine samples. Material and Methods: Urethral secretion samples, taken after prostatic massage and first-void urine, of 75 patients referred to department of bacteriology of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were examined for ureaplasma and mycoplasma by culture method in 2004-2005 Results: In prostatic samples, 19 and 11 samples are positive for ureaplasma and Mycoplasma, retrospectively. In first-void urine samples, 17 and 9 samples are positive for ureaplasma and Mycoplasma, retrospectively. Conclusion: The results show that if it is impossible to obtain urethral sample via prostatic massage , we can use first- void urine instead. Key words:Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum,Nongonococcal urethritis, Nonspecific urethritis, prostatic massage, first voided Urine}, Keywords = {Key words:Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum,Nongonococcal urethritis, Nonspecific urethritis, prostatic massage, first voided Urine}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-59-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-59-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Imanifooladi, A and Soltanpour, MJ and Kachuei, R and Mirnejad, R and Rahimi, M}, title = {The Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of Common Antiseptics against Three Nosocomial Resistant Strains}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objectives: Today, specialists who are responsible for controlling infection in hospital use different disinfectants for instrument used in hospital to prevent from transmitting infection. The spectrum of antimicrobial effect, the condition of exploiting, the time of efficiency, the effect on environment, the destructive effect on metal and plastic materials etc. are different therefore, we did this study to determine the antimicrobial effect of five disinfectants on those special resistant bacterial strains. Material and Methods: In the current study the antimicrobial effects of five disinfectant solutions including Nanocide, Anizosin, Sulfanidis, Micros 10, and Colloid on hospital resistant strains by concentrations of 0.5 and 1 McFarland Were examined and evaluated. The concentration of disinfectants was prepared according to proposed protocol by manufacturing company. The time of contact with bacteria was defined in three times (the proposed time by company, less and more than porposed time by company). Results: Nanocide haven't shown any inhibitory effect on resistant strains in none of the three times but Colloid indicates its effect only in more than proposed time. Anizosin in all three times have inhibitory effect on S.aureus in concentration 0.5 and 1 McFarland. Sulfanidis and Micros to have prevented from the growth of resistant strains in all three times. Conclusion: It has been determined that disinfectant Micros 10 made of ammonium chloride stands as first degree of quality and Sulfanidis made of poly hegza methylen bigouanid hydrochloride stands as second degree of quality with respect to proper antibacterial effect for the purpose of disinfecting. Key words: Disinfectant, antiseptic, Staphylococcus auras,Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus}, Keywords = {Key words: Disinfectant, antiseptic, Staphylococcus auras,Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus }, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-58-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-58-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {HosainZadegan, H and Menati, SH and Tarrahi, MJ and Mohammadi, F}, title = {Screening of Methicillin and Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal of hospital personnel of Khorram Abad ,Iran}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objectives associated infections has been gained attention by most researchers. We designed this cross-sectional study to evaluate MRSA and VRSA frequency in the Shohadai Ashayer hospital of Khorram Abad, Iran. : Increased drug resistance, and its Material and Methods: moistened with normal saline from interior nares of 300 personnel and immediately cultured on a Mannitol Salt Agar.Suspected colonies were confirmed by biochemical methods. Methicillin and Vancomycin resistance of isolated strains was carried out by agar dilution according to recommendations of National Clinical Laboratory Institute. Samples were obtained by sterile swab Results: carriers of S.aureus. 16 (5.33%) and 4 (1.33%) of the carriers were Methicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin resistant S.aureus (VRSA), respectively. One (0.33%) of the personnel was concurrently the carrier of both MRSA and VRSA.No correlation was found between carriage and factors such as sex, age, ward of hospital and length of occupation, and predisposing diseases. Kind of occupation and level of education were significantly related with carrier state.(P<0.05) Sixty-four (21.33%) of 300 studied personnel were nasal Conclusion consistent with other published reliable documents. Isolation of four VISA and one VRSA strains from studied personnel was the interesting findings of this study. Because of carrying of such resistant strains in hospital personnel and risks of transmission to patients, it needs further attention of health officials. : Percentage of S.aureus carriers in hospital personnel was Keywords: Keywords: (MRSA), Vancomycin resistant S.aureus (VRSA), Vancomycin intermediate S.aureus (VISA),Carrier, Khorram Abad, IRAN Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant S.aureusStaphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant S.aureus}, Keywords = {}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Jafarinodoushan, AA}, title = {The Effect of Temperature, pH and the Glucose Concentration on Germ The Effect of Temperature, pH and the Glucose Concentration on Germ}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objectives: Germ tube-producing ability of C.albicans in human serum is one of the most important virulent factors inducing transformation yeast to mycelia form. This phenomenon can be altered by some environmental and nutritional factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature, pH and glucose concentrations in germ tube formation of C. albicans in an in vitro system. Material and Methods: The germ tube production test in human serum (with normal glucose titer) in different temperature, pH, and glucose concentrations was conducted invitro using standard strain of C. albicans (ATCC 10231). The average number of cells with germ tube after 2 hours and the rate of yeastmycelial transition were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. Results: Maximum germ tube production rate is seen in temperature of 37°C, pH of 6.5 and glucose concentration of 30 mg/ml (P= 0.0001) and also germ tube is seen in earliest time in these conditions in invitro. Conclusion: It seems that these environmental and nutritional factors in human body particularly in diabetics can make this fungus to produce germ tube and invade to the different tissues. Key words: Candida Albicans, germ tube, in vitro, Temperature, pH, Glucose}, Keywords = {Key words: Candida Albicans, germ tube, in vitro, Temperature, pH, Glucose}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Etminan, S and Zarinkatsh, H and Lotfee, M}, title = {The Prevalence of Candida Vaginitis among Women aged 15 - 49 Years in Yazd, Iran}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objectives: Candida vaginitis is one of the most infectious diseases which millions of women aged 45-15 years are annually being referred to clinics. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and the relationship between Candida Vaginitis and Variables such as age, Contraceptive procedures and the number of labor. Material and Methods: we carried out this descriptive-analytic study on 384 Subjects Selected randomly. We used Statistical test to analyze the data. Results: The highest is related to under thirty-five year old Subjects and the Lowest to under ninety. It has been reported that oral Contraceptive versus other methods is associated with the greatest frequency of Vaginitis (38.9%) and Condom with the lowest. Conclusion: we conclude that the prevalence of Candida Vaginitis in 15-49 year old woman referred to YAZA health care Center is 26.6%. Key Words : Vulvovaginite,Candidiasis,Prevalence}, Keywords = {}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Kalavi, KH and Moradi, A and Ahmadi, AR and Sarikhani, AJ and Bazoori, M and Kyaee, Mr}, title = {Prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in Golestan Province, Iran}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objectives: Human T-Lymphocyte Virus-1 (HTLV- 1) is known as the etiologic factor of acute T-Lymphocytic Leukemia (ATL) and tropical spastic paralysis. (TSP). Endemic factors causing infection with Human T Lymphocyte Virus-1 (HTLV-1) is based on environmental, socio-economical and health behaviors of the individuals. This virus is well distributed in families with involved members. Golestan province is located in North West part of Northern Khorasan province that had already been known as an endemic area for HTLV-1. This virus is also known as the main etiologic factor for cancers and ATL, therefore we studied the prevalence of HTLV-1 seroepidemiology in Golestan province. Material and Methods: The subjects selected by cluster sampling were 2034 healthy cases residing in different parts of Golestan province. ELISA method using Dia- pro anti HTLV-1 antibody kits was applied for serological assessment. Western Blot (HTLV BLOT 2.4) was used for confirmation purposes. Results: The subjects aged 38.66±16.54 were 2034 healthy persons. Forty-one point seven of these cases were males and the rest females. Based on ELISA method there were15 HTLV-1 positive cases (0.7%). -1. (0.7%) Six out of 15 were confirmed by western blot method (95%, CI: 0.06-0.53%). The highest prevalence sigllificant) aiology is in the highat rate in 31-40 year old gro0.7%). onclusion: This study shows that HTLV-1 is prevalent in Golestan the same as the other parts of the world. There fere: we urse on performing screening test (HTLV-) on donated blood components before delivering (OK labeling). Key words: HTLV-1, Seroepidemiology, ELISA, Western Blot, Golestan ATL(Acute T lymphocytic Leukemia) Six cases out of 15 were confirmed by western blot method (95%, CI: 0.06-0.53%). The highest prevalence was 2.6% seen in Kalaleh city (east part of the province) [95%, Cl: 0.06-0.53%). There was significant difference between the prevalence of HTLV-1 and the dwelling place. (p=002). HTLV-1 seroepidemiology was in the highest rate in 31-40 year old group (0.7%). Conclusion: This study shows that HTLV-1 is prevalent in Golestan province, the same as the other parts of the world. Therefore, we recommend performing screening test (HTLV-) on donated blood components before delivering (OK labeling). Key words: HTLV-1, Seroepidemiology, ELISA, Western Blot, Golestan province, ATL (Acute T lymphocytic Leukemia)}, Keywords = {Key words: HTLV-1, Seroepidemiology, ELISA, Western Blot,Golestan province, ATL (Acute T lymphocytic Leukemia)}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {HedayatMofidi, M and Moradi, A and Saeedi, M and Behnampoor, N and ArabYaraMohammadi, J}, title = {Sero-epidemiological Study of Herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in outpatient population referred to clinical laboratories in Gorgan, IRAN 2006}, abstract ={Abstract Backgrounds and objectives: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV- 1) infections are mostly shown as a Herpes disease, but It causes conjunctivitis, genital herpes, encephalitis and newborn herpes. This study was conducted to determine the sero-epidemiologic prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 in cases referred to clinical laboratories of Gorgan, Iran. Material and methods: In this cross sectional study, we did random blood sampling on 406 cases referred to the Gorgan city's clinical laboratories. These samples were analyzed for HSV-1 Immunoglobulin G and M antibodies using type- specific enzymelinked Immunoassays (ELISA). Results: Of 406 participants, the HSV-1 seroprevalence is 49% (44.3% and 4.7% for IgG and IgM respectively). There is not significant relationship between seropositive HSV-1 and gender, ethnicity, age and marital status. Conclusion: Sero-epidemiological of HSV-1 in Gorgan is the same of the other places in Iran, but it is higher than European and lower than African countries. It seems that the people’s culture is very important. Therefore it needs to be investigated more. Keywords: HSV-1, Antibody, Gorgan.}, Keywords = {Keywords: HSV-1, Antibody, Gorgan.}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-52-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-52-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Amirkhizi, F and siassi, F and Ahmadi, SM and jalali, M and Institute, S and Rahimi, A}, title = {Obesity and Iron Status in Women of reproductive age}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objectives: Women of reproductive age are at risk of Iron deficiency. Some Studies reported That There is a relationship between Body indices and iron. Iron overload is also harmful. It enhances the risk of cardiovascular disease which is due to increased Lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity and iron status in women of reproductive age. Material and Methods: In this case-control study, the relationship between iron status and obesity in women of reproductive age was studied in 35 obese (BMIِ≥30kg/m²) and 35 non-obese (BMI=19-25kg/m²) women matched by age. Demographic data was gathered by a questionnaire. Body weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each subject. After taking Venous blood samples and separating plasma, we investigated iron status by measuring hemoglobin, hematocrit, and plasma iron and ferritin concentrations. Results: Although no difference is observed in plasma iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), the results of obese group show significant higher hemoglobin (137 ± 8 versus 129 ± 7 g/L, p<0.05), hematocrit (0.41 ± 0.02 versus 0.38 ± 0.03, p<0.05), and plasma ferritin concentrations (49.3 ± 32.2 versus 28.6 ± 19.7µg/L, p<0.001). In addition, BMI was positively correlated with hemoglobin (rho=0.29, p<0.001), hematocrit (rho=0.28, p<0.001), and plasma ferritin concentrations (rho=0.39, p<0.0001). Conclusion: we conclude that obese women of reproductive age have higher iron stores than the non-obese women. Therefore, obese- reproductive women are at low risk of depleting iron stores. On the other hand, systematic iron-fortification programs may enhance the prevalence of iron overload in these subjects. Keywords: Obesity, iron status, reproductive age women}, Keywords = {Keywords: Obesity, iron status, reproductive age women}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-51-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-51-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Abedian, S and Mirabi, A.M and Parsaee, MR}, title = {The Effect of Interferon Beta in HLA-G Expression on Monocyte in Diabetes Type1}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objectives: Dendritic Cells are the most important of antigen presenting cells with an effective role in immune tolerance. This study, aims to clarify the role of IFN- β in induction on dendritic cells derived by monocyte in diabetes type1 to evaluate the T cells response to beta cell specific antigenic molecule. Material and Methods: In this research, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by phiCole and then dendritic cells generated from blood monocytes ,in Seven days, by adding granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 with or without IFN-beta. MRNA was extracted by dendritic cells and cDNA was produced by reverse transcriptase enzyme. Then, Specific polymerase chain reaction for HLA-G was performed. In addition, Tcell proliferation with a mixed Leukocytic reaction evaluated between dendritic cell and T by means of MTT. Results: based on the results, IFN-β induces HLA-G molecule on dendritic cells. In addition, T cell proliferation responses in mixed leukocyte culture show significance difference between Case and control p<0.05. T cell proliferation was inhibited in their co-culture system affected by IFN-β Conclusion: In this study, we show that dendritic cells-treated IFN-β with expression of HLA-G molecule inhibited T cell proliferation and so, our results suggest that some of the IFN- β regulatory effects with expression of HLA-G can probably prevent from beta cell destruction. Key words: dendritic cells, Interferon Beta, Human Leukocytic Antigen-G.}, Keywords = {Key words: dendritic cells, Interferon Beta, Human Leukocytic Antigen-G}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Bahaedini, N and Atefi, M and Mortazavi, MJ}, title = {Evaluation of the Interference of the Microwave Radiation Emitted from GSM Mobile Phones on the Performance of Cell Counters}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objectives: Incidents related to electromagnetic interference with medical devices have been reported over the past decades. It has also been indicated that the microwave radiation emitted from mobile phones interferes with the operation of medical devices therefore, this study aimed at testing the interference by GSM mobile phones with cell counters. Material and Methods: We did this experimental Study on thirty-two heparinized blood samples of 32 healthy individuals Selected randomly. The Cell Counting was Carried out in the presence of Electro magnetic field produced by three Cell phones with different levels of SAR (Low, intermediate and High) and without being in electromagnetic field. Statistical tests were used to analyze the data (p<0.05). Results: Microwave radiation emitted from cell phones, regardless of their SAR, interferes with the proper operation of cell Counter. This interference leads to false Counting. Conclusion: As mobile phones emit microwave radiation in an isotropic manner, keeping mobile phones at a safe distance, 15cm, from medical equipments will be necessary. These observations confirm the need for some restrictions of mobile phone use in hospitals and medical laboratories. Key words: Interference, Cell Counters, Mobile Phone, Microwave Radiation}, Keywords = {Key words: Interference, Cell Counters, Mobile Phone, Microwave Radiation}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-49-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-49-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Joshaghani, HR and Kalavi, KH and Namjoo, N}, title = {The Changes of Erythrocyte Indices in Pesticide Factory Workers}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objectives: Erythrocyte indices are helpful for monitoring the erythrocyte synthesis and liver condition. The pesticide factories’ staff are being exposed to poisoning. This article aims to evaluate the effect of pesticides on blood indices of subjects which are exposed to organophosphate toxins. Material and Methods: This cohort study was conducted on the 63 employees of a pesticide factory In Gorgan.Iran (2005). We performed a two-step Sampling, The beginning of working season and three months later. Then, data analysis was carried out (p<0.05). Results: The difference between the mean of MCV in phase one (82.8 ± 7.1 fl) and phase two (80.3 ± 6.7) is Significant (p<0.001). The increase of Erythrocyte, hemoglobin, HCT, and MCHC in the second phase was statistically meaningful. There is not any significant relation between the work place, Record of Services and red blood cell indices. Conclusion: In regard to the changes in hematologic indices in a threemonth period, it seems logical to set up a program to have a routine check on the hematologic indices in people engaging in such occupations Key words: Pesticide, organophosphate toxins, hematologic indices, MCV, hemoglobin, hematocrit.}, Keywords = {Key words: Pesticide, organophosphate toxins, hematologic indices, MCV, hemoglobin, hematocrit.}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Mansourian, AR and Shahmohammdi, f and Mansourian, HR}, title = {Serum Thyroid Hormone level in women with Nausea and Vomiting in Early Pregnancy}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objectives: The hyperthyroidism, caused in Pregnancy, may Leads to nausea and vomiting. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxin. (T4), which reflect thyroid function assessment, with nausea and vomiting, among pregnant women in early pregnancy. Material and Methods: the Subjects of this Case- Control Study were the pregnant women referred to routine laboratory investigations. We Compared 60 pregnant women without nausea and Vomiting with 60 pregnant women with nausea and vomiting in Gorgan, Iran. Results: The results Show that there is an increased level of T4 among 34 subjects (56.6 %) with nausea and vomiting compared to 20 Subjects (33.3 %) of women without nausea and vomiting. The mean of T4 in Case and Control group is 11:30±2.8 and 10.26±2.4hg/dl. This difference is Statistically Significant. (p<0.05). TSH level is nearly the same in both groups. Conclusion: These data suggest that there is a role for elevated T4 in nausea and vomiting among pregnant women, in early pregnancy. Key words: Pregnant women, nausea and vomiting, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxin.}, Keywords = {Key words: Pregnant women, nausea and vomiting, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxin.}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-47-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-47-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Sedighian, F and Sanee, A and Alaouddoulee, H and Arshi, M and Rekabpoor, KH}, title = {The Study of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms isolated in Yahya nejad Hospital, Babol (North of Iran), 1385}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objectives: Resistance to antimicrobial agent is a world-wide problem and the existed reports are not the same. Aware of antibiotic resistant pattern of microorganisms in each hospital is important for controlling the nosocomial infections. This study was designed to determine the resistant pattern of microorganisms isolated in Yahya nejad hospital, Babol, north of Iran. Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, organisms were isolated during 2006 from urine, blood, endotracheal tube, abscess, fluids (ascites, pleura, and synovia), wound, discharges and bonemarrow of both outpatients and inpatients in our hospital were studied. Their antibiotics resistances were evaluated by Kirby Bauer method. Results: of 3114 culture specimens of admitted patients (female 1732, male 1382), 325 (10.4%) microorganisms were isolated. They were isolated from urine 162(49.8%), blood 115(35.4%), abscess 11(3.4%), wound, 10(3.1%) and discharge10 (3.1%). The most common microorganisms were Escherichia coli 107(33%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis 69(21.3%). Maximum resistance of E.coli is related to tetracycline (83.9%) and ampicillin (75%) and maximum resistance of S.epidermidis to oxacillin (89.2%) and penicillin (82.1%). Conclusion: With regard to high antibiotic resistance (>70%) in this study, it seems that the early beginning and inappropriate dosage of antimicrobial agents may be associated with developing antibiotic resistance. Hence, it is highly recommended to prohibit the unnecessary prescription of antibiotics Key words: Antibiotic resistance, microorganisms, Blood culture, E.coli}, Keywords = {Key words: Antibiotic resistance, microorganisms, Blood culture,E.coli}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-46-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-46-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Ziaei, N and AmirMozafari, N and Kouhsari, H and Moradi, A and Tabarai, A and Dadgar, T and Livani, S and ArabAhmadi, M}, title = {Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in Diarrhea samples in Gorgan ,East north of Iran}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objectives: Diarrhea is one of the most common diseases in the world. Campylobacter jejuni is one of the prevalent agents of bacterial diarrhea in most of developing countries. It is usually ignored in routine laboratory test in our country, because it has a difficult investigation method. This article aims to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni, in diarrhea samples in Gorgan City (East north of Iran) by PCR Method. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 455 diarrheal samples during one year (2005-06).255 out of them were cultured on Preston media (Himedia co.) on 42°c. DNA Extracted by phenol cholorophorm method was directly carried out on stool samples.16srDNA hipo and asp primers for detection of Campylobacter genus, C.jejuni and C.coli species were used, respectively. In addition, universal primer of 16srDNA was used for control of PCR method. Results: no sample was positive for Campylobacter in culture .only three samples were positive for Campylobacter genus and C.jejuni specific primer but none of them were positive for C.coli .99 samples were positive by universal primer of 16srDNA . Conclusion: The results indicate that C.jejuni isn't a prevalent agent in diarrhea in our region. Key words: Campylobacter jejuni -Gorgan- Diarrhea}, Keywords = {Key words: Campylobacter jejuni -Gorgan- Diarrhea}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-45-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-45-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Noorbakhsh,, S and Farhadi, M and Tabatabaei, A and Ghafari, M}, title = {The Level of Serum immunoglobulins in Children suffering from Sinusitis}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objectives: Paranasal sinuses are the common place for infection in children and adults. Early and effective antibiotic treatment is necessary to reduce the infection period and mucosal injuries, and to prevent from the Involvements of orbit or CNS. This article aims to clarify the Serum immunoglobulins accompanying by Sinusitis in Children. Material and Methods: the Subjects of this Cross-Sectional study were 400 patients with paranasal sinusitis confirmed by imaging techniques. The study was conducted in infectious and ENT Clinics of Rasoul Akram hospital in 2003-2004. We measured the Levels of serum immoglobulins including IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE by standard radio-immunodiffusion test, and Compared with normal range of each age group. The data was analyzed by SPSS software (11.5) Results: The Subjects aged 4.42±2.62 are both male (70.7%) and female (29.3%). Maxilla is the most Common Sinus involved. Thirty-eight of them (95%) have increased IgG Level. Forty-four percent of children suffered from rhinosinusitis have been diagnosed with Immune-humoral disorders: the increase of IgE (N=9), Lack of IgA (N=3), decrease of Isolated IgG (N=2), decrease of both IgG and IgA (N=1) and Hyper IgM syndrome (N=3). There is Significant Correlation between different Immunoglobulins and duration of Sinusitis (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that an increase of IgE is one of the most Common disorders in children suffering from Sinusitis and the incidence of immunity disorders is higher than the expected rate. Thus, we recommend the Immunologic assessment for Children Contracting with Sinusitis, esp. for protracted one. Key words: Rhinosinusitis, Hypogamma Globulinemia, Resistant Rhinosinusitis, Serum Immunoglobulins}, Keywords = {Key words: Rhinosinusitis, Hypogamma Globulinemia, Resistant Rhinosinusitis, Serum Immunoglobulins}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-41-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-41-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Javadi, AA and Mousavi, A and Mohseni, M and MobasheriZadeh, S}, title = {The Effect of Air Ionization on Microbial Content of the Air}, abstract ={Abstract Background and objectives: Air ionization (AI) may reduce the microbial content of the air 'and has bactericidal effects on some bacterial Strains, which is controversial. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy of Air ionizer in reducing the microbial content of air. Material and Methods: This experimental Study was carried out in Sadi Hospital of Isfahan. Two air ionizer were placed in two boxes. and the third box (Control) was empty. At the beginning of experiment and every 30 minutes up to three hours, we did air sampling in all groups. After taking the samples of every box, we incubated the samples and then performed colony counts and bacteriologic studies. Results: In all thirty-minute intervals, Colony Counts in all groups were lower than control group (P<0.05). 'Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CNS) was the most common bacteria isolated followed by Bacillus spp, Acinetobacter and Escherichia Coli, in control group, no colonization of Acinetobacter and E.coli is found in Air ionizer groups. Conclusion:Our findings qualitatively indicate that air ionization can reduce the microbial content of the air. Regarding the type of microbial air pollution and the amount of air cleaning needed, this method can be used solely or in combination with other air cleaning methods. Key words: air ionization, air cleaning air bacteria.}, Keywords = {Key words: air ionization, air cleaning air bacteria.}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-40-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-40-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Tohidi, F and Qorbani, M}, title = {The Comparison of Direct Microscopic Examination and Culture Results in Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objectives: one of the endemic foci for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran is Mashhad in which limited outbreak have recently been reported. The commonly used method for diagnosis is the clinical features confirmed by direct microspic examination and culture or biopsy. We compared these two tests to determine the level of their sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. Material and Methods: we performed this comparative-analytic study on 73 patients suspected of having ulcers Leishmaniasis in Mashhad, Iran. Giemsa was staining the smears and the samples cultivated on Di-phasic N.N.N. culture media . Analysis was performed by SPSS version 11.5 and Chi square test. A P- value less than 0.05 were considered as a significant. Results: In 43 cases (58.9%), both the smear and culture are Positive. In 13 cases (17.8%), the smear is negative but the culture Positive. In 17 cases (23.2%), both smear and culture are negative. The two methods are positively correlated (82%). Sensitivity, Specifity, Positive predictive Value and negative predictive value are 76.7%, 100%, 100% and 56.7%., respectively. Conclusion: when the smear is positive, there is no need for culture. However, the opposite is not true. Key words: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Laboratory Diagnostic, Direct Microspic Examination, Culture.}, Keywords = {Key words: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Laboratory Diagnostic, Direct Microspic Examination, Culture.}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-39-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-39-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Tavakoli, HR and Manafi, M and Bayat, M and MehrabiTavana, A}, title = {Rapid detection of the most important pathogenic microorganisms in water and Food by (Chromogenic media)}, abstract ={Abstract Background and Objectives: Chromogenic media are the newest methods applied for rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water and food from 1998-2008. These Specific media contained the compounds acting as a substrate for microbial enzymes and, according to the type of enzyme, produce specific color. The aim of this study was to introduce the chromogenic media as a powerful tool in rapid detection of pathogenic agents in drinking water and food. Material and Methods: In this review article, the published papers about the use of chromogenic media in rapid detection of water and food-born pathogens were investigated. Results: The studies conducted in different countries show that the chromogenic media are very sensitive, specific and with high performance therefore, we can use it to detect the most important pathogenic microorganisms (such as Salmonella spp, E.coli, S.aureus, L.monocytogenes, and Candida spp.) in water and food samples. Conclusion: Because chromogenic media, in comparison with the other rapid detection methods such as PCR and ELISA, are very sensitive and cheaper, it can be applied as an alternative method. Key words: Chromogenic media, Rapid detection, water and food, Microorganism}, Keywords = {Key words: Chromogenic media, Rapid detection, water and food, Microorganism}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-38-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-38-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2008} }