@article{ author = {AsadzadehAghdaei, Hamid and Pezeshkian, Zahra and Abdollahpour-Alitappeh, Meghdad and NazemalhosseiniMojarad, Ehsan and Zali, Mohammad Rez}, title = {The Role of Angiogenesis in Colorectal Polyps and Cancer, a Review}, abstract ={ABSTRACT           Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most colorectal cancers begin as a growth of tissue called a polyp, some types of which can change into cancer over the course of several years. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is known to play a key role in the initiation, growth and progression of polyp and colorectal cancer. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in colorectal cancer and polyp angiogenesis.           Keywords: Colorectal Neoplasms, Polyps, Angiogenesis}, Keywords = { Colorectal Neoplasms, Polyps, Angiogenesis}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/mlj.12.4.1}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1093-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1093-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimi, Azizollah and Daryalal, Younes and Mahzounieh, Mohamadreza and Lotfalian, Sharareh}, title = {Effects of Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles on Some Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus aureus}, abstract ={ABSTRACT          Background and Objectives: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have physical and surface properties that could threaten human and environmental health. AgNPs are classified as ‘very toxic’ to eukaryotic organisms and are less toxic to bacteria. The aim of the present study was to study the effects of different sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AgNPs on some virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus as a pathogenic bacterial model.          Methods: Tube double serial dilution method was used to determine MIC of AgNPs against standard strain and ten field isolates of S. aureus. Tube cultures of isolates in LB broth were supplemented with different concentrations of AgNPs and were incubated at 37 °C with constant shaking under aerobic conditions. Samples from each tube were streaked on blood agar plates and assay for hemolysins, coagulase and DNase production were performed.          Results: The MIC of AgNPs against all examined isolates was determined as 50 µg/mL. The results showed that 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 MIC of AgNPs had no negative effect on DNase and coagulase production but inhibited alpha- and beta-hemolysin production in most isolates (64-91%). In addition, production of delta-hemolysin was inhibited by 1/2 MIC of AgNPs.          Conclusion: The effects of sub-MIC of AgNPs on bacterial growth appear at 4-8 hours post-exposure and then the bacteria follow a normal growth trend. This toxic effect may affect ecosystems species.          Keywords: Silver particles, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Virulence factors, Staphylococcus aureus.}, Keywords = {Silver particles, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Virulence factors, Staphylococcus aureus.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {7-11}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/mlj.12.4.7}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1091-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1091-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Gray, Zahra and Douzandegan, Yousef and Tabarraei, Alijan and Moradi, Abdolvahab}, title = {Optimization of SW480 Colon Cancer Cells Transfection with Lipofectamine 2000}, abstract ={ABSTRACT           Background and Objectives: Nonviral carriers including those based on synthetic cationic lipids, offer several advantages over the viral counterparts. These carriers are able to form complexes with nucleic acids and deliver genes into the cells via the cellular endocytosis pathway, without significant toxicity. The level of transgenes expression depends on some experimental variables including cell type and density, Lipofectamine and DNA concentrations and Lipofectamine-DNA complexing time. The main objective of this study was to optimize transfection of SW480 colon cancer cells with Lipofectamine 2000.           Methods: In this study, SW480 cells were transfected with plasmid containing green fluorescent protein reporter gene using Lipofectamine 2000. Green fluorescent protein expression was studied under a reverse fluorescence microscope and the results were analyzed with the ImageJ software. Effect of different quantities of plasmid DNA and different Lipofectamine 2000 volumes on cell transfection efficiency was evaluated.           Results: The optimal volume of Lipofectamine and quantity of plasmid was 2 µl and 1µg, respectively, which showed 59% efficiency for the transfection of SW480 cells at 24 hours post-transfection.           Conclusion: This study shows that Lipofectamine 2000 is an efficient reagent for the delivery of genes into SW480 cells. According to the results, the quantity of DNA per transfection and reagent concentrations are essential factors for a successful transfection.           Keywords: Optimization; pEGFP-NI; Lipofectamine; SW480.}, Keywords = {Optimization, pEGFP-NI, Lipofectamine, SW480. }, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {12-16}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/mlj.12.4.12}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1088-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1088-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Pordeli, HamidReza and Shaki, Hadi and AhaniAzari, Ania and SadeqiNezhad, Muhamm}, title = {Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Fusarium solani isolates from Agricultural Soils in Gorgan, Iran}, abstract ={  ABSTRACT             Background and objectives: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are major nanomaterials with a variety of applications. The synthesis of nanoparticles by conventional methods is challenging and often requires use of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, there is a growing need for development of environmentally and economically friendly processes for the synthesis of nanoparticles. This study aimed at biosynthesis of AgNPs using a filamentous fungus; Fusarium solani.             Methods: Twenty-four Fusarium isolates were found from several soil samples collected from depth of 1-10 cm. All isolates were identified as F. solani based on morphological characteristics. The synthesis of nanoparticles were evaluated after 24, 48, 72 hours of culture. AgNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.             Results: The synthesized AgNps showed maximum absorbance peak at 420 nm after 72 hours. Moreover, most AgNps were spherical with diameter of between 20 and 40 nm.             Conclusion: In this study, we introduced a simple biological process for biosynthesis of AgNPs using F. solani isolates from soil samples. The results indicate that fungi may be suitable for safe and cost-effective production of AgNPs.             Keywords: Fungi; Fusarium; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology.}, Keywords = {Fungi, Fusarium, Nanoparticles, Nanotechnology.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {17-21}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/mlj.12.4.17}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1089-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1089-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Najar, Shima and Naghavi, Nafiseh Sadat}, title = {Molecular Detection of Hepatitis A Virus in Urban Sewage in Isfahan, Iran}, abstract ={ABSTRACT            Background and Objectives: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) enters sewage through the stool of infected patients and contaminates freshwater and seawater. The aim of present study was quantitative molecular detection of HAV in raw and treated urban sewage samples from Isfahan, center of Iran.            Material and methods: Sewage samples were collected from six urban treatment plants in cold and warm weather, between December 2016 and Jun 2017. Physicochemical indicators were measured immediately after sampling. Viral particles were isolated and concentrated by modified adsorption-elution method using Al3+-coated filters. Quantitative PCR was done for amplification of a fragment in the highly conserved 5′ noncoding region of the HAV genome.            Results: Although the values of the indicators were lower in 67-83% of sewage samples in warm weather, no significant difference was detected between the physicochemical indicators of sewage samples. HAV was detected in three raw sewage samples collected in cold weather (copy number of 32590, 28400 and 14200 per µl) and in one treated sewage sample (copy number of 6500 per µl) collected in cold weather. Positive HAV sewage samples had been treated by activated sludge and aerated lagoon.            Conclusion: We detected high frequency of HAV in raw urban sewage samples from Isfahan, Iran. This highlights the importance of paying extra attention to irrigation of farms with raw sewage. Based on the results of this study and previous studies, it can be concluded that the activated sludge system may be more effective for elimination of enteric viruses, such as HAV.            Keywords: Hepatitis A virus, Sewage, Weather.}, Keywords = {Hepatitis A virus, Sewage, Weather.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {22-28}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/mlj.12.4.22}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1095-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1095-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {AlsabahAlavizadeh, Nagmeh and Hejazi, Keyvan and MabhoutMoghadam, Tohi}, title = {Effects of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Exercise on Visfatin, Homocystein, C - reactive protein and Lipid Profile in Sedentary Men}, abstract ={ABSTRACT           Background and objectives: Visfatin is a newly characterized adipokine, which is highly expressed in visceral adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of aerobic exercise training on visfatin, homocystein, C-reactive protein and lipid profile in sedentary men.           Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 27 sedentary men were selected by convenience sampling method. The subjects were divided into a control group (n=13) and an aerobic training group (n=14). The subjects in the experimental group performed 60 minutes of aerobic exercise at 75-85% of maximum heart rate, three sessions per week for eight weeks. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) using paired and independent sample t-test for comparison of means within and between groups, respectively. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.           Results: The eight-week aerobic exercise training significantly reduced body weight (P=0.02), body mass index (P=0.01) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P=0.03) levels. It also caused a significant increase in the high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (P=0.00) and a significant decrease in visfatin levels (P=0.005). Serum homocysteine and C-reactive protein levels decreased by the end of the training program, but these changes were not statistically significant (P>0.05).           Conclusion: The eight-week aerobic exercise program could effectively improve lipid profile and visfatin levels. Therefore, this type of exercise could be recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease and improvement of its risk factors.           Keywords: Aerobic, C-reactive protein, Exercise, Homocysteine.}, Keywords = {Aerobic, C-reactive protein, Exercise, Homocysteine.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {29-35}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/mlj.12.4.29}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1096-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1096-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Salimizadeh, Zahra and HashemiKarouei, Seyed Masoud and Hosseini, Farzaneh}, title = {Dissemination of Class 1 Integron among Different Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains}, abstract ={ABSTRACT             Background and objectives: The present study was conducted to detect class 1 integrons and evaluate antibiotic susceptibility patterns among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.             Methods: Sixty clinical samples from blood, tracheal wounds, burns and urinary tract infections were collected from three general hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Culture of specimens was performed on common bacteriological culture media. Bacteria were  identified based on mobility, pigment production, growth at 42 oC, and oxidase and catalase tests. Overall, 21 P.  aeruginosa strains were isolated. Antimicrobial susceptibility of was evaluated via the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) according to the CLSI guidelines. Presence of the intI1, sul1, aadA2 and aadB gene cassettes was investigated using PCR. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21).             Results: The most effective antimicrobial agents against P. aeruginosa isolates were tetracycline and gentamicin. All P. aeruginosa isolates were multidrug re­sistant. Moreover, the intI1, sul1, aadA2 and aadB genes were found in 90.5%, 90.5%, 47.6% and 19% of the P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively.             Conclusion: The results indicate that the presence of aadB, aadA2 and sul1 gene cassetes may play an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants.           Keywords: Pseu­domonas aeruginosa, integron, multidrug resistance. ABSTRACT             Background and objectives: The present study was conducted to detect class 1 integrons and evaluate antibiotic susceptibility patterns among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.             Methods: Sixty clinical samples from blood, tracheal wounds, burns and urinary tract infections were collected from three general hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Culture of specimens was performed on common bacteriological culture media. Bacteria were  identified based on mobility, pigment production, growth at 42 oC, and oxidase and catalase tests. Overall, 21 P.  aeruginosa strains were isolated. Antimicrobial susceptibility of was evaluated via the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) according to the CLSI guidelines. Presence of the intI1, sul1, aadA2 and aadB gene cassettes was investigated using PCR. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21).             Results: The most effective antimicrobial agents against P. aeruginosa isolates were tetracycline and gentamicin. All P. aeruginosa isolates were multidrug re­sistant. Moreover, the intI1, sul1, aadA2 and aadB genes were found in 90.5%, 90.5%, 47.6% and 19% of the P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively.             Conclusion: The results indicate that the presence of aadB, aadA2 and sul1 gene cassetes may play an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants.           Keywords: Pseu­domonas aeruginosa, integron, multidrug resistance. ABSTRACT             Background and objectives: The present study was conducted to detect class 1 integrons and evaluate antibiotic susceptibility patterns among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.             Methods: Sixty clinical samples from blood, tracheal wounds, burns and urinary tract infections were collected from three general hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Culture of specimens was performed on common bacteriological culture media. Bacteria were  identified based on mobility, pigment production, growth at 42 oC, and oxidase and catalase tests. Overall, 21 P.  aeruginosa strains were isolated. Antimicrobial susceptibility of was evaluated via the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) according to the CLSI guidelines. Presence of the intI1, sul1, aadA2 and aadB gene cassettes was investigated using PCR. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21).             Results: The most effective antimicrobial agents against P. aeruginosa isolates were tetracycline and gentamicin. All P. aeruginosa isolates were multidrug re­sistant. Moreover, the intI1, sul1, aadA2 and aadB genes were found in 90.5%, 90.5%, 47.6% and 19% of the P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively.             Conclusion: The results indicate that the presence of aadB, aadA2 and sul1 gene cassetes may play an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants.           Keywords: Pseu­domonas aeruginosa, integron, multidrug resistance.}, Keywords = { Pseu‌domonas aeruginosa, integron, multidrug resistance.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {36-42}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/mlj.12.4.36}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1092-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1092-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Moazami, Mahtab and Askari, Babis}, title = {Effect of Six Months of Aerobic Exercise on Serum Levels of Insulin, Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Hormone 1 in Sedentary Obese Women}, abstract ={ABSTRACT            Background and Objectives: Inactivity, obesity and hormone disorders can lead to various diseases in obese and non-athletic individuals. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of six months of aerobic exercise on serum levels of insulin, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth hormone 1 (IGF-1) in sedentary obese women.            Methods: In  this quasi-experimental  study, 15  inactive,  obese  (body mass index >30) women aged 37-47 years were selected from employees of the Ferdowsi University in Mashhad (Iran), via purposive and available sampling. The participants were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=10) and a control (n=5) group. The experimental group performed 60 minutes of aerobic exercise at 55-65% of heart rate reserve, three sessions a week, for six months. Serum GH, IGF-1 and insulin levels were measured in both groups before the first training session and after the last training session. The Shapiro–Wilk test and the Levene's test were used to assess normal distribution of data and homogeneity of variance, respectively. Independent and dependent t-tests were used to compare between-group and within-group differences at significance of 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software (version 18).            Results: Serum concentrations of IGF-1 and insulin reduced significantly following the six-month aerobic exercise program. In addition, the exercise training caused an insignificant increase in GH levels.            Conclusion: Our proposed aerobic exercise protocol significantly reduces IGF-1 level, which is closely related to the incidence of atherosclerosis, breast cancer, and colon cancer. The significant decline in insulin secretion following the six-month aerobic exercise program may provide more amounts of nutrients for muscle glucose metabolism.            Keywords: Growth hormone, Insulin, Insulin-like growth factor 1, Exercise.}, Keywords = {Growth hormone, Insulin, Insulin-like growth factor 1, Exercise.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {43-48}, publisher = {school of paramedicine, golestan university of medical sciences}, doi = {10.29252/mlj.12.4.43}, url = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1094-en.html}, eprint = {http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1094-en.pdf}, journal = {Medical Laboratory Journal}, issn = {}, eissn = {2538-4449}, year = {2018} }