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The evaluation of the effect of periodic resistance training along with vitamin D3 consumption and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on cortical TNF-β levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Behrooz Mohammadnezhad, Seyed Abdollah Hashemvarzi ,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (5-2025)
Abstract
Background: Inflammation plays a major role in the development and progression of diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency and physical inactivity can also increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Combined therapeutic strategies are promising approaches for the treatment and prevention of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of resistance training, vitamin D3 supplementation, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation on tumor necrosis factor-beta levels in the cerebral cortex of diabetic rats.
Methods: Eighty male Wistar rats (Weighing 290±19 g) were randomly divided into 10 groups: healthy control, sham, diabetes, training, vitamin D, MSC, training+vitamin D, MSC+training, MSC+vitamin D, and training+MSC+vitamin D. Training groups were subjected to a resistance training program on a ladder. MSC groups received 1.5 × 106 MSCs, and vitamin D supplementation groups received 1 microgram/kilogram of vitamin D3 eight times. Cortical TNF-β levels and fasting serum glucose levels were measured.
Results: After six weeks, the combination of resistance training with vitamin D3 supplementation and MSC transplantation (P=0.018), as well as the combination of resistance training with MSCs (P=0.024), significantly reduced the diabetes-induced elevation of TNF-β levels.
Conclusion: Resistance training with appropriate intensity, duration, and recovery between exercise sessions, combined with MSC transplantation and vitamin D3 supplementation, has profound anti-inflammatory effects on the cerebral cortex tissue of diabetic rats. This type of intervention, especially the transplantation of MSCs, may be a promising protective strategy against some complications of diabetes.
 

Effect of a period of intense functional training on IL-10, Dectin-1, and IL-1Ra in prediabetic obese women
Maryam Enshaei Mojarad , Hajar Abbaszadeh , Parvin Farzanegi ,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background: Obesity and prediabetes are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, and macrophage-related markers such as IL-10, Dectin-1, and IL-1Ra play a key role in modulating inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) on IL-10, Dectin-1, and IL-1Ra in prediabetic obese women to assess the impact of this exercise modality on M2 macrophage markers.
Methods: Thirty eligible female volunteers aged 35-40 years were selected and homogeneously divided into two groups: 1) control (n=15) and 2) training (n=15). The training group underwent a 16-week HIFT program based on CrossFit protocols, incorporating squats, deadlifts, barbell/dumbbell exercises, kettlebell swings, and aerobic/weight-bearing movements in a Workout of the Day format (60 min/session). The control group maintained their daily routines without structured exercise. Serum levels of Dectin-1, IL-10, and IL-1Ra were measured via ELISA. Descriptive statistics (Mean, standard deviation) were used for data analysis.
Results: After 16 weeks, HIFT significantly reduced Dectin-1 (P = 0.048) and increased IL-10 (P < 0.0001) and IL-1Ra (P < 0.0001) levels in prediabetic obese women.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that 16 weeks of HIFT may enhance anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10, IL-1Ra) and modulate Dectin-1, potentially mitigating obesity-related inflammatory complications in prediabetic women.
 

Effect of interferon- on the expression of regulatory NLRP6 and NLRP12 genes in human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells
Leila Pirdel, Maryam Safajoo, Masoud Maleki,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (9-2025)
Abstract
ABSTARCT
Background and objectives: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well known as a major immune modulator. A subgroup of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptors (NLRs) has been recently found to play an immune/inflammatory regulatory role.
We aimed to analyze and compare the gene expression level of the NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein (NLRP), such as NLRP6 and NLRP12, in Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) treated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), the pro-inflammatory cytokine, and untreated cells as well.  
Methods: The immunophenotypic characterization of the isolated WJ-MSCs was performed by flow cytometry. Next, they were cultured with or without IFN-g, followed by the comparison of expression level of NLRP6 and NLRP12 genes by using qPCR.
Results: The treatment of cells with IFN-γ indicated a statistically significant increased expression of NLRP12 gene as compared to untreated cells while the expression of NLRP6 was failed to detect in the cells with or without IFN-γ treatment.
Conclusion: The altered expression level of NLRP12 might be suggested its contributory role in the inflammatory regulation mediated by WJ-MSCs in response to the exposure to IFN-g; however, additional studies are needed to validate its role in experimental inflammatory-related disease models.
 
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