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Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Frequency of Carbapenemase-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates by the Carbacineto NP Test
Shahram Shahraki Zahedani , Rogaye Javadi ,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
          Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial infections. Treatment of infections caused by this bacterium has become challenging due to increasing rate of resistance to a wide range of antibiotics such as carbapenems. One of the main mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems is the production of carbapenemase. The objective of this study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance patterns and frequency of carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii strains using the CarbAcineto NP Test.
          Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 130 A. baumannii isolates were collected from clinical specimens of teaching hospitals in Zahedan in 2016. After determining the antibiotic resistance patterns, all A. baumannii isolates were examined using the phenotypic method of CarbAcineto NP test to evaluate production of carbapenemase enzymes.
          Results: Based on the antibiogram results, more than 90% of the isolates were resistant to the antibiotics tested in this study. However, the lowest rate of resistance was observed against colistin, minocycline, tigecycline and doxycycline, respectively. Based on the results of the CarbAcineto NP test, 96% of carbapenem-resistant strains were positive for the production of carbapenemases.
          Conclusion: Due to the high resistance of A. baumannii to carbapenems, they are not currently suitable for the treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. However, since most carbapenem-resistant strains are susceptible to colistin, minocycline, tigecycline, and doxycycline, these antibiotics or their combination are recommended for the treatment of the infections caused by the resistant strains. Rapid identification of carbapenemase-producing bacteria using efficient methods such as CarbAcineto NP test is essential to prevent their spread, particularly in hospitals.
          KEYWORDS: Acinetobacter baumannii, Carbapenemase, CarbAcinetoNP Test.

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of carbapenemase-producing organisms in burn and wound infections
Sarah Ahmed Hasan, Waad Mahmood Raoof, Khaled Khalil Ahmed,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (7-2025)
Abstract

Background: Carbapenems are broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics, often reserved as last-line treatment for infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. Carbapenemase producing organisms (CPOs) pose a serious public health threat, contributing to severe healthcare-associated infections and increased mortality rates. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CPOs and their antibiotic resistance patterns in isolates from burn and wound infections.
Methods: A total of 250 clinical samples (140 wound swabs and 110 burn swabs) were collected from hospitalized patients in Kirkuk and Sulaimaniyah hospitals between January and July 2023. Specimens were cultured on MacConkey agar and cetrimide agar and incubated at 37°C for 18–24 hours. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using the BD Phoenix™ M50 system, while carbapenemase production was confirmed using the BD RAPIDEC® CARBA NP assay.
Results: Among the isolates, 27 (38.02%) were confirmed as carbapenemase-producing and exhibited multidrug resistance. The distribution was as follows: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (44.44%, 12 isolates), Escherichia coli (33.33%, 9 isolates), Enterobacter cloacae (18.51%, 5 isolates), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.7%, 1 isolate). Notably, CP-P. aeruginosa and CP-K. pneumoniae showed the highest resistance, being resistant to 15 antibiotics across seven different classes.
Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of MDR CPOs in burn and wound infections, likely due to antibiotic misuse or overuse. The findings highlight the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to combat carbapenem-resistant pathogens, which are associated with increased global morbidity and mortality.


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