Showing 7 results for Diarrhea
N Ziaei, N Amir Mozafari, H Kouhsari, A Moradi, A Tabarai, T Dadgar, S Livani, M Arab Ahmadi,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (10-2008)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objectives: Diarrhea is one of the most common diseases in the world. Campylobacter jejuni is one of the prevalent agents of bacterial diarrhea in most of developing countries. It is usually ignored in routine laboratory test in our country, because it has a difficult investigation method. This article aims to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni, in diarrhea samples in Gorgan City (East north of Iran) by PCR Method. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 455 diarrheal samples during one year (2005-06).255 out of them were cultured on Preston media (Himedia co.) on 42°c. DNA Extracted by phenol cholorophorm method was directly carried out on stool samples.16srDNA hipo and asp primers for detection of Campylobacter genus, C.jejuni and C.coli species were used, respectively. In addition, universal primer of 16srDNA was used for control of PCR method. Results: no sample was positive for Campylobacter in culture .only three samples were positive for Campylobacter genus and C.jejuni specific primer but none of them were positive for C.coli .99 samples were positive by universal primer of 16srDNA . Conclusion: The results indicate that C.jejuni isn't a prevalent agent in diarrhea in our region. Key words: Campylobacter jejuni -Gorgan- Diarrhea
F Ghasemi Kebria, B Khodabakhshi, H Kouhsari, M Sadeghi Sheshpoli, N Behnampoor, S Livani, M Bazuori, E A Ghaemi,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: After respiratory infection, Diarrhea is the second cause of mortality. Yersinia enterocolitica is the second important cause of infectious diarrhea in children of some countries. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of Yersinia entocolitica of diarrheal specimens in Gorgan, Iran. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross - sectional Study was carried out on diarrheal stools of 455 patients referred to medical centers and laboratory of Gorgan in 2004-2005. DNA extraction using phenol chloroform was performed for all samples. Using two specific primers (genus-specific16s rRNA and ail- specific species genus of Yersinia enterocolitica), we did PCR sample. Results: Yersinia genome was identified in 12 patients(2.63%) and 11 of them was Yersinia enterocolitica. The frequency infection in of girls (3%) was more than boys (2.4%), and the prevalence in winter (4%) was more them other seasons, and under one- year- group (3.4%) and 1-5 years (3.1%) is more than other age groups. It was not observed significant difference. (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of Yersinia in cases of diarrhea in Gorgan is similar to most regions of Iran and in children under 5 years is observed more in winter. Key words: Yersinia enterocolitica, Diarrhea, children, Gorgan
Mm Soltan Dallal, A Rahimi Forushani, K Sharifi Yazdi, B Nikmanesh, A Rastegar Lari,, A Aminharati,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives: gasterointertidis is one of the most common forms of Salmonellosis, which is a worldwide problem. The invasive characteristic of intestinal bacteria is one of their pathogenicity Mechanisms , which can be easily investigated by cell culture technique. In this study ,the invasive characteristic of some Salmonella serogroup were investigated by using HEP-2 cell.
Methods and Material: The rectals soap were prepared from 280 diarrhea patients referred to Imam Khomeyni and children medical centres , 140 with bloody diarrhea and 140 with watery diarrhea as a comparison group. The rectal soap was taken before patients taking any antibiotics, and 140 rectal specimens were taken from healthy people as a control group. All the samples were inoculated in differential and selective media, like Hektoen enteric agar and Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar .After incubation at 37C for 24 hours, the colonies were examined and identified by conventional biochemical and serological tests. Using HEP-2, cellular invasion characteristic of Salmonella serogroups was assessed. Moreover, the antibiotic resistance patterns were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
Results: Of all tested samples, 35(8.3%) are Salmonella strains. The frequency of Salmonella is reported for bloody diarrhea (5.2%) , watery diarrhea ( 1.7%) and control group( 1.4%) .The most abundant serogroups with invasive characteristic, using HEP-2 cell culture, are serogroup B ( 62.9%) and D (17.2%).
Conclusion
The results obtained in this study show that the majority of Salmonella isolates are without invasive characteristic.
Key words: Salmonella, Diarrhea, Cell invasion, Cell culture
F Koohsar, A Amini, Aa Ayatollahi, F Niknejad, Z Abbasi Nejat,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (10-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: In many countries, especially in developing countries, diarrheal diseases is one of the most important causes of mortality. In these countries, due to availability transfer conditions of parasitic infections, (pathogenic and non-pathogenic parasite), have a high prevalence. This study aimed was determining the prevalence of Parasites causing diarrhea in Gorgan .
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1086 Patients with acute diarrhea. The test was performing by the wetmount and formalin-ether concentration method according to WHO protocol.
Results: From 1086 patients in study, 197 (18.1%) were infected by intestinal parasites, that 141 (13%) were infected with Protozoan and 79 (7.27%) were infected with intestinal worms. The prevalence of wet mount method was, Entamoebahistolytica in 69 (6.4%), Giardia lamblia in 27 (2.5%), Entamoeba coli in 15 (1.4%), Chilomastixmesnili in 8 (0.7%), and with formalin-ether method was Hymenolepis nana in 26 (2.4%), Trichostrongylus in 16 (1.5%), Enterobiusvermicularis in 10 (0.9%).
Conclusion: The high prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica, is indicating protozoan importance as a cause of acute diarrhea.
Keywords: Intestinal Parasites Diarrhea Wetmount Formalin Ether Gorgan
Mesgarian, F, Sharbatkhori, M, Mohammadi, R, Rajabi, Mh,
Volume 8, Issue 5 (1-2015)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objective: Cryptosporidium is a common protozoan causing diarrhea in human, specifically in children. Hence, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of this protozoan among diarrheic children hospitalized in Gonbad Kavus in 2011. Material and Methods: Three stool samples were collected from diarrheic children in two hospitals of Gonbad city and a relevant questionnaire was filled out for each child. The stool samples were concentrated by formalin ether method, and the infection was assessed by modified acid-fast staining method. Results: Of 547 children, 27 (4.9%) were infected with cryptosporidiosis. There was no significant relationship between the amount of infection and gender and habitation area (urban/ rural). The infection rate was significantly prevalent in 2-4-year-old children (P=0.013). The most and the least infection rate were observed in spring and winter, respectively (P< 0.0001). There was a significant association between the disease and keeping animal (P= 0.041) Conclusion: The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in diarrheic children in Gonbad is almost equal to other regions of the country and keeping animal and spring season may be considered as the risk factors for the disease. Keywords: Cryptosporidium, Cryptosporidiosis, Diarrhea, Children, Golestan, Iran
Hamidreza Ebrahimnezhad, Leila Barzegar, Davoud Esmaeili,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (1-2020)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Probiotics are live microorganisms that function through various mechanisms and affect the alteration of the commensal microbiota against pathogens. Nowadays, given the problems associated with antibiotics use, probiotic strains offer a novel and appropriate alternative for the treatment of diseases such as diarrhea. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial synergism of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (ECN) on the clinical sample of diarrheagenic E.coli and Campylobacter jejuni.
Methods: A paper disk-diffusion technique was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity. Sterile 6 mm paper disks were saturated with probiotic suspensions made by settling probiotic medications into distilled water. Three kinds of disk were prepared. One disk was prepared for Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., another for ECN, and the third was made by combined probiotics. Clinical samples of diarrheagenic E.coli and Campylobacter jejuni were cultivated on Muller Hinton agars, and disks were placed on the inoculated Muller Hinton agars. All plates were incubated under microaerophilic and appropriate conditions.
Results: The zone of inhibition (ZOI) of the bacterial growth was measured. All pathogenic microorganisms showed sensitivity to the probiotic disks. The combined disks had better effects against pathogens compared with single disks.
Conclusion: A considerable synergistic effect was observed in the results of combined probiotics; therefore, combined strains can be more efficient against intestinal pathogens in comparison with single probiotics.
Keywords: Probiotic, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli Nissle, Diarrhea, Campylobacter jejun.i.
Masoud Soosaraei, Ahmad Daryani, Mehdi Sharif, Shabeddin Sarvi, Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi, Mahdi Fakhar,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Cryptosporidium spp. is a major cause of gastrointestinal illness in humans. There are no data available on geospatial distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in the Mazandaran Province, Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the spatial patterns and demographic factors associated with Cryptosporidium spp. infection in the Mazandaran Province, North of Iran.
Methods: Fecal specimens were collected from diarrheic individuals (n=215) who were referred to health centers in the Mazandaran Province during 2014-2015. The specimens were examined for presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts by Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining.
Results: Cities of Sari, Neka, Noshahr and Behshahr were identified as disease hotspots. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was significantly higher in subjects under 10 years of age as well as those living in low-altitude areas and rural areas without access to standard water sources.
Conclusion: Our findings and the GIS-derived data could be used to facilitate cryptosporidiosis surveillance and monitoring of Cryptosporidium spp. distribution in the study area.
