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Effects of Resistance Training on Adiponectin, Testosterone and Cortisol Levels in Untrained Men
Masoud Zamani, Maghsoud Peeri, Mohammad-Ali Azarbayjani , Hasan Matinhomaee ,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (Jul-Aug 2016 2016)
Abstract

ABSTRACT

          Background and Objective: Adipose tissue secrets various hormones including adiponectin, which is closely related to weight control and energy, balance. This study investigated the effects of resistance training on adiponectin, testosterone and cortisol levels in untrained men.  

           Methods: Forty untrained men (mean age of 23.8±2.66 years, mean weight of 67.43 ± 4.96 kg) were randomly and equally assigned into groups of upper extremity resistance training, lower extremity resistance training, combined resistance training, and control. The subjects performed eight weeks of weight training, three sessions per week (five sets of 60-85% one repetition maximum). Blood sampling was done prior to the start of the program, after the fourth week, and after the eight week. Alpha level was set to 0.05 for all statically analyses.

         Results: Repeated measures ANOVA showed that eight weeks of upper extremities training significantly decreased body fat percentage (p=0.002, 7.39%), and significantly increased adiponectin (p=0.000; 90.42%) and testosterone (p=0.002; 24.19%) levels. In the lower extremities training group, body fat percentage (p=0.006, 7.39%) decreased significantly, while adiponectin (p=0.012; 87.82%) and testosterone (p=0.000; 23.54%) levels increased significantly compared to the pretest. Eight weeks of combined training significantly increased BMI (p=0.006, 1.88%), muscle mass (p=0.007, 2.24%), and adiponectin (p=0.000, 91.56%) level. However, cortisol level decreased (p=0.017, 19.17%) after four weeks of training.  

         Conclusion: Upper and lower extremities resistance trainings significantly change testosterone levels. Different types of resistance training significantly increases serum adiponectin level and changes body composition, which are effective in prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

         Keywords: Resistance Training, Adiponectin, Testosterone, Cortisol.


Effect of Resistance Training on Appetite Regulation and Level of Related Peptidesin Sedentary Healthy Men
A Jafari, M Peeri, M Azarbayejani, H Homai,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (Jul-Aug 2017)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
          Background and Objectives: Resistance training is a key component of exercise recommendations for weight control, yet very little is known about the effects of resistance training on appetite and related peptides. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training on appetite and circulating acyl ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and orexin in sedentary men.
           Methods: This study included 20 sedentary men (mean age: 21.6±3.5 year, body mass index: 23.1±2.7 kg/m2) who were equally divided into a control group and a resistance training group. Participants in the training group performed the whole body exercises three sessions per week with 3-4 sets of 8-10 repetitions at 60-85% one-repetition maximum. Participants in the control group performed no resistance training. Fasting blood samples were taken before starting the study and 72 hours after the last session of resistance training for evaluation of serum acyl ghrelin, NPY, and orexin levels. In addition, perceived appetite was assessed by visual analogue scale while fasting.
           Results: Statistical analysis showed that fasting acyl ghrelin and NPY were not changed by resistance training, but serum orexin level elevated by 40% in response to training (P=0.01). Appetite was not significantly different between the two groups at baseline (P=0.9). However, appetite significantly increased after resistance training (P=0.001).
           Conclusion: Results of the present study show that the 8-week resistance training increases perceived appetite by orexin promotion in previously sedentary men.
          Keywords: Appetite, Ghrelin, NPY, Orexins, Resistance Training.

Effects of Endurance Training and Isocaloric High Intensity Interval Training on Anthropometric Indices and Insulin Resistance in High Fat Diet-Fed Wistar Rats
Seyed Javad Mirghani, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani , Maghsoud Peeri,
Volume 12, Issue 6 (Nov - Dec 2018)
Abstract 
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Obesity is a global health problem that could lead to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. Polygenic obesity is caused by multiple factors, such as lack of exercise and excess food intake. In this study, we evaluated effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and isocratic moderate-intensity training (MIT) on anthropometric indices and insulin resistance in rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). 
Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats (mean age of 5-6 weeks) were divided into three groups: control group (HFD, N=5), HFD+ MIT (N=10) and HFD+ HIIT (N = 10). After placing the subjects on a HFD for 13 weeks, the exercise groups performed trainings for 12 weeks. 
Results: Body mass index and Lee index decreased significantly in both training groups (P≤0.05). There was no significant difference in insulin resistance between the three groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that HIIT is more effective than MIT in reducing some of the obesity markers in obese rats fed with a HFD. However, this type of training has no significant impact on insulin resistance.
Keywords: Obesity, High Intensity Interval Training, High-Fat Diet, Body composition Indexes.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise and Vitamin D on Expression of Pulmonary Fas, Caspase8, and FLIP Genes in Male Rats Poisoned by H2O2
Seyedeh Tahereh Haeri, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani, Maghsoud Peeri,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (Jul-Aug 2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Apoptosis is essential for the survival and normal functioning of multicellular organisms, yet any interruption in this process could be detrimental. Increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are key factors affecting apoptosis. Our objective was to determine the impact of exercise with and without vitamin D supplementation on expression of FLIP, Fas, and caspase 8 in lung of rats poisoned with H2O2.
Methods: Forty-eight adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups: (C), (H), (HD), (HE), (HDE) and dimethyl sulfoxide. Groups H, HE, HD and HDE received 1 mmol/Kg intraperitoneal injection of H2O2. HE and HDE groups ran on treadmill for eight weeks. Expression of FLIP, Fas and caspase 8 was measured in lung tissues using RT-qPCR. Statistical analysis of data was carried out using SPSS 22 at significance level of 0.05.
Results: Vitamin D supplementation caused a significant decrease in expression of Fas (P=0.014) and caspase 8 (P=0.016) compared to the control group. However, it significantly overexpressed FLIP in the lung tissues compared to the control group (P=0.005). Exercise with and without vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on the expression of the apoptosis regulatory genes.
Conclusion: Our results show that VD exerts protective effects on lung tissue by regulating apoptotic factors. Aerobic exercise alone and combined with VD has no significant effect on the apoptotic factors. These results indicate that VD supplementation can reduce lung injury under oxidative stress conditions.
 
Combined Effects of Regular Aerobic Exercise with Vitamin D Supplementation on Some Apoptosis Indices in the Lung of Rats Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide
Somayeh Ramezani, Maghsoud Peeri, Mohammad Ali Azarbaijani, Firoozeh Dehghan,
Volume 13, Issue 5 (Sep-Oct 2019)
Abstract

ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Exercise is a strong physiological stimulus that can affect apoptosis in the lungs by altering a number of extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways. The present study examined effects of regular aerobic exercise and vitamin D on expression of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 in lung tissues of male rats exposed to hydrogen peroxide.
Methods: Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups of eight, including 2 x H 2 O 2, 2H 2 O 2, Vit D (2HD), 2H2O2 + Regular Exercise Training (2HE), 2H2O2 + D3 + E (2HDE) ; Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and control (C). Subjects in the training groups performed aerobic exercise for eight weeks. Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 expression in the lung tissues was measured using RT-PCR.
Results: Bcl-2 expression in the exercise (P = 0.004) and vitamin D (P = 0.006) groups increased significantly compared to the control groups. Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression was significantly lower in the exercise group and vitamin D supplementation group compared to the control group. On the other hand, concurrent exercise and vitamin D significantly reduce Bax expression but had no significant effect on Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that regular aerobic exercise along with vitamin D supplementation may play a role in reducing apoptosis in lungs following severe oxidative stress.
Keywords: Apoptosis, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase3, Aerobic Exercise, Vitamin D
 
 


Investigating Effects of Vitamin D Injection during a Course of Endurance Training On Anthropometrical Parameters of Wistar Rats with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity
Seyed Javad Mirghani, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani, Maghsood Peeri, Abbasali Keshtkar,
Volume 13, Issue 6 (Nov-Dec 2019)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
           Background and Objectives: The purpose of this research was to determine effects of vitamin D supplementation during a course of endurance training on anthropometrical parameters of Wistar rats exposed to a high-fat diet.
Methods: In this experimental study, 38 Wistar rats aged 5-6 weeks were assigned to five groups: 1. Control with normal diet (n=5), 2. Control with high-fat diet (n=5), 3. High-fat diet and vitamin D supplementation (n=10), 4. High-fat diet and endurance training (n=10), and 5. High-fat diet, endurance training and vitamin D supplementation (n=10). The animals were subjected to a high-fat diet (40%) for 13 weeks, followed by 12 weeks of exercise and vitamin D supplementation.
Results: Weight (P=0.02), BMI (P=0.001), Lee index (P=0.01) and energy efficiency (P=0.001) differed significantly between groups 1 and 2. Feed efficiency (P=0.03) and energy efficiency (P=0.01) of groups 2, 3 and 4 were significantly different from that of the control group.
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that endurance training and vitamin D supplementation could significantly decrease some anthropometric indices.
Keywords: Endurance Training, Vitamin D, High Fat Diet, Anthropometric Indices.

Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Exercise and Vitamin D Supplementation on 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase in Lung of Rats Poisoned with Hydrogen Peroxide
Seyedeh Tahereh Haeri, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani, Maghsoud Peeri,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (Jul-Aug 2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Prolonged exercise can reduce physiological capacities and cause DNA damage by inducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Aerobic exercise reduces the risk of cancer by activating DNA repair enzymes and reducing oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise with and without vitamin D supplementation on DNA damage.
    
   Methods: Forty-eight adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups: control (C), H2O2 (H), H2O2 and vitamin D (HD), H2O2 and exercise (HE), H2O2,, vitamin D and exercise (HDE), and dimethyl sulfoxide. Cancer was stimulated through intraperitoneal injection of H2O2 (2 mmol/kg). Animals in groups HE and HDE ran on treadmill for eight weeks. Concentration of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis of data was carried out using SPSS 22 at significance level of 0.05.
 
   Results: Vitamin D supplementation significantly lowered the level of 8-OHdG expression compared to the control group (P=0.0001). The 8-OHdG expression in the exercise group was slightly lower than control group (P=0.063). Combination of exercise and vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on expression of 8-OHdG (P=0.281). Both exercise and vitamin D supplementation significantly increased MGMT expression compared to the control group (P=0.0001 and P=0.040). However, combination of exercise and vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on MGMT expression (P=0.326).
 
  Conclusion: The results showed that aerobic exercise and vitamin D supplementation can have protective effects against DNA damage, possibly by increasing antioxidant capacity and DNA repair.

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