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Abstract Background and Objective: Diarrheal diseases may occur in all age groups, worldwide. Escherichia coli (E. coli O157: H7) is one of the most important bacterial agents causing this disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea in patients with acute diarrhea caused by this bacterium. Material and Methods: In this study, 214 stool samples were collected from acute diarrheic patients in hospitals and clinical laboratories of Malayer city, Iran. The samples were cultured in rich, differentiation, specific and selective medium. To detect E. coli O157: H7, rapid detection method and antisera were used . Results: In 12.15% of the samples, lactose fermentation was observed and E. coli was afirmed. The results of lactose positive samples showed that 6.54% were negative-β- Glucuronidases and were confirmed as E. coli O157. Finally, by using O157: H7 antisera, 1.87% of 14 samples that were negative- β-Glucuronidases were asserted as E. coli O157. Conclusion: based on the results, the prevalence of E. coli O157: H7 is higher in children and elders than the others. Food and water play a significant role in transferring E. coli. Keywords: Prevalence, E. coli O157: H7, Gastroenteritis, Patients

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Background and objectives: The incidence of drug-resistant candidiasis has increased dramatically. This study aimed to evaluate antifungal effects of fluconazole alone and in combination with ibuprofen on isolates from patients with mucosal candidiasis.
      Methods: Candida species isolates from 142 patients with suspected mucosal (oral and vaginal) candidiasis were identified by culture on CHROMagar Candida medium and carbohydrate assimilation test using the API 20CAUX kit. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fluconazole alone and in combination with ibuprofen was determined by the broth microdilution method.
      Results: Among isolates, 43.7% were identified as Candida species (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candidia parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida guilliermondii and Candida kefyr). The highest rate of fluconazole resistance was observed among C. albicans (50%) isolates. MIC₉₀ of ibuprofen-fluconazole combination against C. albicans isolates was 32 μg/mL, which was 8-fold less than that of fluconazole alone (MIC₉₀=256 μg/mL) (P<0.01). Moreover, the MIC₉₀ of fluconazole-ibuprofen combination against C. parapsilosis isolates was 4-fold less than that of fluconazole alone.
      Conclusion: Our results revealed partial fluconazole resistance among Candida isolates from patients with mucosal candidiasis. However, the resistance rate decreased 2.5 fold following treatment with the ibuprofen-fluconazole combination. Therefore, it is recommended to further investigate the therapeutic potential of this drug combination for treatment of fungal infections, such as candidiasis.