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Investigating the changes of hippocampal m-RNA gene expression of neurotrophin-3 and its receptor (Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase C) in the recovery of movements of rats with spinal cord injury during two types of endurance exercises
Sina Jalili Rasti, Sadegh Cheragh Birjandi, Mohammad Amin Younessi Heravi, Ali Yaghubi,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (Mar-Apr 2024)
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of four weeks of selected endurance training on neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC) gene expression in hippocampal areas of rats with spinal cord injury (SCI).
Methods: In this experimental study, the rats were separated into six equal groups. First, the animals were put under general anesthesia and had their SCI. Then, for four weeks, they were subjected to two kinds of endurance training programs. However, the control injury group received no intervention or training. Following the completion of the training regimes, molecular tests were done using the qRT-PCR technique to evaluate changes in the gene expression of NT-3 and TrkC from the animals' hippocampus.
Results: The expression of NT-3 and TrkC genes were significantly reduced in the SCI model compared to the healthy control group, but it was increased in the SCI + exercise 1 and SCI + exercise 2 groups compared to the SCI group. NT-3 levels did not vary significantly between the SCI + exercise 1 and SCI + exercise 2 groups, although alterations in TrkC levels altered.
Conclusion: In addition to enhancing locomotion in animals with SCI, the endurance training regimens in this research were effective on the expression of NT-3 and TrkC genes and may play a role in axonal development and neuronal survival in SCI recovery.

Evaluation prevalence of Rh system major antigens (D, C, c, E, e) and their phenotypes in blood donors of Golestan province, Iran
Seyed Sadegh Baniaghil, Fardin Balochi , Alireza Ahmadi,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (May-Jun 2024)
Abstract
Background: The understanding of blood group phenotypes is currently limited to the ABO and Rh blood group systems. This study aimed to determine the frequency of Rh system antigens (D, C, c, E, e) and the phenotypes of the system in blood donors. Identifying the blood group phenotypes of donors in any population is important for improving healthcare services and better serving patients.
Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 575 donors (Turkmen and Fars) in blood transfusion centers in Golestan Province, Iran. A cell suspension (3-5%) from each sample was prepared in normal saline and exposed to Rh system antisera using the haemagglutination technique. The Rh phenotype was then determined based on the most common genotype.
Results: For the Rh system, the antigen frequencies of D, C, c, E, and e were 87.76%, 73.6%, 72.1%, 30.83%, and 93.59%, respectively. The most common phenotypes among the Turkmen and Fars donors were R1R1, R1r, and rr, respectively, while the least common phenotypes were R2Rz and ryry. The phenotypes r'r' and ryry were not detected in the Turkmen donors, and the phenotype r''r' was not identified in the Fars donors.
Conclusion: Identifying the prevalence of blood group antigens in donors from each region is crucial for organizing negative antigen blood units, preparing compatible blood for multitransfused patients, and preventing the development of alloantibodies in these patients.
 

Bronchopulmonary lophomoniasis in a prisoner: A case report
Sadeghali Azimi , Bahareh Bashardoust , Mohammad Hadi Tajik Jalayeri ,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (Mar-Apr 2025)
Abstract
Background: Bronchopulmonary lophomoniasis, an emerging yet frequently overlooked respiratory infection, is caused by the flagellated protozoan Lophomonas blattarum (L. blattarum). Although predominantly observed in immunocompromised individuals, its occurrence in immunocompetent hosts, particularly within high-risk settings like correctional facilities, is uncommon.
Case Presentation: This report details the case of a 47-year-old male prisoner from Golestan Province, Iran, who presented with a four-month history of chronic cough, dyspnea, and purulent sputum. The initial diagnostic workup, including blood and sputum cultures, yielded no evidence of bacterial or fungal infection. However, microscopic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid revealed L. blattarum trophozoites, leading to a definitive diagnosis of lophomoniasis. Of particular interest was the elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level (387 kU/L; normal range <160 kU/L), which may indicate an underlying allergic predisposition or a concurrent parasitic infection. The patient's symptoms resolved completely after a four-week regimen of metronidazole.
Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering lophomoniasis in the differential diagnosis of chronic respiratory symptoms, especially in settings with poor hygiene. For accurate diagnosis in similar patient populations, a heightened clinical suspicion combined with BAL microscopy are essential.

Red blood cell alloantibodies in patients with thalassemia major referred to the blood transfusion center of Golestan province, Iran
Seyed Sadegh Baniaghil , Fardin Balochi , Ereste Kazzak ,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (Jul-Aug 2025)
Abstract
Background: One of the major complications in thalassemia patients is alloimmunization, which occurs when the patient produces antibodies against transfused Red Blood Cells (RBCs). In the present study, the frequency of alloantibodies was investigated in patients with thalassemia major.
Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was performed on 99 multi-transfused patients with thalassemia major. An antibody screening test was carried out using a three-cell panel. Positive patients were followed up for antibody identification using an 11-cell panel. The information was finally analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0.
Results: Out of ninety-nine cases, 53 were female (53.53 %) and 46 were male (46.46 %). The patient’s mean age was 29.22±10.46 years with an age range of 2 to 61 years. Only 5.05% (n=5) had developed alloantibodies. The most common alloantibodies were anti-D, anti-E, anti-c, and anti-K. No significant correlation was seen between the presence of alloantibody and age, sex, blood type, and spleen condition.
Conclusion: Antibody production against RBC antigens is a common problem in multi-transfused thalassemia patients. Compatibility between antigens of the Kell and Rh blood group systems in donors and recipients can be one of the useful ways to prevent alloimmunization of blood recipients and the formation of unexpected antibodies against the donor’s red blood cells.
 

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