ABSTRACT

        Background and Objective: The current challenge of diabetes mellitus is to prevent its complications. These complications are directly associated with hyperglycemia in diabetics. The HbA1c measurement is essential for long-term glycemic control. Synchronization of HbA1c measurement is important in order to avoid discrepancies between results reported by laboratories. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, precision and agreement of five HbA1c measurement methods with HPLC reference method.

       Methods: HbA1c levels of 55 samples were measured using six methods of microcapillary electrophoresis (Sepia), enzymatic method (Pishtaz Teb), immunoturbidometry (Pars Azmoon), boronate affinity (Nycocard), immunofluorescence (ichroma) and Tosoh G8 HPLC.

       Results: The five tested methods showed a good agreement with the HPLC method with correlation coefficient of less than 95%. Regression testing of HPLC method and other methods showed slope of 0.99 (P<0.05) for Sebia, 1.02 (P<0.05) for Pishtaz Teb, 0.79 (P<0.05) for Pars Azmoon, 0.82 (P<0.05) for Nycocard and 0.89 (P<0.05) for ichroma. Average inaccuracy for the Sebia, Pishtaz Teb, Pars Azmoon, Nycocard and ichroma in comparison with the HPLC reference method were -0.09, -0.004, -0.75, -0.79 and -0.78, respectively.

         Conclusion: The Sebia microcapillary method and Pishtaz teb enzymatic method have appropriate accuracy and precision. Therefore, these methods can be used as alternatives to the HPLC method for HbA1c measurement. Other methods such as Pars Azmoon, Nycocard and ichroma have significant shortcomings in terms of accuracy.

     

ABSTRACT
        Background and objectives: Synthesis and characterization of several metal complexes (metal ions: Co2+, Ti4+ and Ce3+) of macroacyclic Schiff base ligand have been reported. The Schiff base ligand is prepared from the condensation reaction of 1, 4-di-(4-fluoro-2-aminophenoxy) butane with salicylaldehyde in ethanol. In addition, antibacterial activity of metal ions, Schiff base ligand and their complexes have been investigated. Recent studies show that many Schiff base complexes have antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, we aimed to synthesize new Schiff base complexes and evaluate their antibacterial activity against a number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
         Methods: Schiff base ligand and their complexes were characterized by mass spectrometry and IR, H-NMR and C-NMR spectroscopy. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the Schiff base ligand, metal ions and their complexes were evaluated against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by disk diffusion method and determining minimum inhibitory concentration.
          Results: In this study, the Schiff base complexes had good antibacterial activity, but the Schiff base ligand and metal ions did not show any antibacterial effect. In some cases, the antibacterial effect of the complexes was higher than that of the standard antibiotics tetracycline and gentamycin. The titanium complex showed the highest antibacterial activity in both methods. This complex created the largest growth inhibition zone (diameter: 100mm) against Staphylococcus aureus, and had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration against Bacillus subtilis (6.75 mg/ml).
          Conclusion: The compounds synthesized in our study have strong antibacterial activity.
          Keywords: Schiff base complex, Schiff base ligand, antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis.

ABSTRACT

            Background and Objectives: Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder pose a high burden among the general population. Etiological factor(s) of such disorders remain unknown. Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic virus that has been suggested as an etiological agent for psychiatric disorders. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of BDV among patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
            Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of schizophrenic (n=75) and bipolar (n=55) patients and healthy blood donors (n=125) were extracted form whole blood samples. RNA was extracted from PBMCs and the presence of BDV P40 RNA was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
            Results: The BDV genome was not detected in any of the subjects. Positive family history of disease was significantly more frequent among patients (P=0.0001). There was a significant association between contact with animals and psychiatric illnesses (P<0.05). Moreover, education level differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.05).
            Conclusion: The results indicate no evidence of BDV genome among patients with psychiatric disorders. Serological examination for BDV antigens or antibodies could provide further information in this regard. In addition, contact with cats is significantly more prevalent among patients with mental illnesses, which might be due to infection with Toxoplasma gondii.
            Keywords: Borna disease virus, Psychiatric disorder, Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Risk factors.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious chronic disease associated with hyperglycemia, overweight, and metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of this disease is constantly increasing. This study aimed to investigate the separate and combined effects of resistance training and cucumber juice consumption on liver indicators in women with T2DM.
Methods: Females aged 35-70 years (N = 40) suffering from T2DM were selected. The subjects were randomly assigned to four groups (three experimental groups and one control group). The Training+ placebo group implemented resistance training and consumed a placebo. The Training+ Supplement group implemented resistance training and consumed cucumber juice, the Supplement group consumed cucumber juice, while the control group consumed a placebo for eight weeks. 48 hours before and after the research, blood sampling was done, and changes in liver enzyme levels were investigated and compared among the groups. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.
Results: The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of separate or combined resistance training and consumption of cucumber juice led to a significant reduction in the levels of liver enzymes Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion: In the present study, liver enzyme levels decreased. Therefore, separate or combined implementation of resistance training and consumption of cucumber juice can be used as therapeutic aids to control the levels of liver enzymes in women with T2DM.