http://mlj.goums.ac.ir Medical Laboratory Journal - Journal articles for year 2009, Volume 3, Number 1 Yektaweb Collection - https://yektaweb.com en 2009/4/12 http://www.goums.ac.ir/mljgoums/browse.php?a_id=36&sid=1&slc_lang=en Abstract Background and objectives: With almost nine million new cases each year, tuberculosis is still one of the most Life-threatening diseases in the World. Distribution of drug resistant strains of M.tuberculosis has a lot of importance. This research was carried out to determine the frequency of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis in strains isolated in Golestan province. Material and Methods: In this cross -sectional study, 104 isolate of M.tuberculosis which isolated from patients referred to Gorgan tuberculosis Health Center, in 2008 were studied. DNA was extracted by Boiling Method. By using PCR method, we determine the M.tubeculosis strain and resistance to Rifampin (Using IS6110 and Gene rpoB primers) and resistance to Isoniazid (Using InhA and KatG primers). As a Gold Standandard, “Proportional method” was performed for 45 Samples. Results: 87 strains were identified as M.tuberculosis. 6.9% of them were resistant to Isoniazid, 4.6% to Rifampin and 2.3% to both (MDR).Sensitivity and Specifity of PCR method in detection of resistant to Isoniazid were 95.3% and 57.1% and for Rifampin were 94.7% and 33.3%. Conclusion: We found that in our region, the MDR is not very common. More than 16% of isolated strains from tuberculosis suspected patients were MOTT, for this reason it is necessary to mention that use biochemical or PCR method to determine M.tuberculosis is necessary. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MDR, PCR, Proportional method , Golestan province. S N Javid http://www.goums.ac.ir/mljgoums/browse.php?a_id=34&sid=1&slc_lang=en Abstract Background and objectives: Breast cancer is the most prevalent one in women. Some of the common causative factors are genetic background, nutritional and environmental factors. Viruses are believed as a risk factor in this cancer, too. Recent studies reported that Human Papillomaviruses can be one of the possible risk factors of breast cancer. This study focused on investigation of the papillomavirus genome in tissues of breast cancer in Golestan province, Iran. Material and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was done from 2005 until 2008. The Samples were obtained from women admitted to the hospitals in Gorgan and Gonbad cities. All breast biopsy or mastectomy tissues were confirmed by the pathologists for breast cancer. DNA was extracted and PCR done by using general primers (GP5 + / GP6 + and MY09/MY11) for detection of papillomavirus genomes. Results: The Subjects are 231 patients aged 47± 12/72, the youngest 20 and the oldest 84. They are from Gorgan (N=122)and Gonbad (N=109) The result Shows That The Subjects Suffer from infiltrating ductular Carcinoma(31.4%), infiltrating duct Carcinoma (60.1%)and intraductal Lobular Carcinoma (4.3%) and The rest from other kinds of Cancer. Papilloma Virus genome is not found in These Samples. Conclusion: Based on paradoxical results from different parts of the world, upon the presence or absence of papillomavirus genome in breast cancer samples, to show the role of this virus in the development of breast cancer more studies are needed. Key words: Breast Cancer, Papillomaviruses, Golestan Province A Moradi http://www.goums.ac.ir/mljgoums/browse.php?a_id=33&sid=1&slc_lang=en Abstract Background and objectives: Paratuberculosis or John's disease is a chronic infectious disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). It results in major economic losses to dairy farm of all over the world and it is the agent causing crohn's disease. The aim of this study was to detect the MAP using PCR in raw-milk samples of cows in shahre-kord. Material and Methods: In this cross–sectional study, 100 raw milk samples of cows were collected from both industrial and semi -industrial farms in shahre-kord. The DNA of all Samples was isolated by MAP, using PCR method. Results: The results Show that only three (3%) Samples were positive for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Conclusion: Based on our results, Milk -PCR was useful for detection of MAP in milk samples. Key words: Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, milk, polymerase chain reaction. F Shrafati-chaleshtori http://www.goums.ac.ir/mljgoums/browse.php?a_id=32&sid=1&slc_lang=en Abstract Background and objectives: Coronary Artery Disease is one of the most important causes of death in the world. Atherosclerosis is a complex disorder and many factors cause it . In recent years , a relationship between infectious agents, particularly Chlamydia pneumonia, and atherosclerosis was found. This research was aimed at serological studying of Chlamydia pneumonia in the coronary artery patients and healthy ones. Material and Methods: We carried out this cross-Sectional study on 102 patients with CAD and 142 individuals without any history of CAD. The subjects were admitted to Dr. Beheshty hospital, Babol, from July 2005 to September 2006. The subjects’ serums were collected to detect specific anti Chlamydia pneumonia antibodies (IgA and IgG), using ELISA method. Data were analyzed by chi-square, using SPSS software. Results: The mean age of patients and healthy subjects were 60.6 and 43.7 years, respectively. Fifty-nine point eight percent of cases and 40.8% of healthy subjects are men. The results show that 45.1% of patients and 47.9% of healthy subjects have positive titer of IgG and negative titer of IgA (chronic). There is no significant correlation between patient and healthy groups (P=O.698). Also 88.2% of patients and 81% of healthy group have positive titer of anti Chlamydia pneumonia antibody (IgG). Conclusion: In spite of high titer of IgG, there is no significant relationship between Chlamydia pneumonia and atherosclerosis. It seems that further experiments are necessary to prove the relationship between Chlamydia and atherosclerosis. Key words: Atherosclerosis, Chlamydia pneumonia, IgA, IgG Z Shahandeh http://www.goums.ac.ir/mljgoums/browse.php?a_id=31&sid=1&slc_lang=en Abstract Background and objectives: Infection has a Leading role in pregnancy. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), listeria and Toxoplasma are the most common causes of infection in human. Based on the previous researches, about 15-25 percent of being infected during pregnancy leads to some complications such as abortion, fetal death, early labor and etc. This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Toxoplasma gondii and Listeria moncytogenes among pregnant women in Gorgan, north of Iran (2005-2006). Material and Methods: we conducted this Simple randomized study on 118 unsuccessful pregnant woman and 99 successful ones referred to Deziani hospital in Gorgan. We assayed both IgG and IgM antibodies for CMV and Toxo by Elisa and IFA method for Listeria. In addition, we fill out a Check list and then use SPSS soft ware, chi square to analyze the data. Results: The frequency of IgG for CMV and Toxo is 89.9% and 45.5% in successful pregnant women and 77.1% and 44.1% for unsuccessful pregnant women (P=0.41, P=0.01). IgM frequency for CMV and Toxo is 14.1% and 46.5% in successful women and 30.5 and 21.7% in unsuccessful ones. (P=0.003, P=0.002)Total frequency (IgG, IgM) for Listeria is 7.62% and %3.03 in successful and unsuccessful women, respectively. There is a significant relation between abortion and IgM titer against Toxoplasma in successful and unsuccessful groups. (P=0.003).This relation is true for total antibody titer against Listeria (P=0.003). Conclusion: Because of high titer of antibodies against CMV, Toxo and Listeria in unsuccessful pregnant women, suffering from these agents during pregnancy may result in abortion and fetal death. Hence, we recommend to hold some preventive and educational program and also to assay antibodies against theses agents. Key words: Listeria moncytogenes, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Toxoplasma gondii, success and non-success pregnancy, Serology, Gorgan M Saeedi http://www.goums.ac.ir/mljgoums/browse.php?a_id=30&sid=1&slc_lang=en Abstract Background and objectives: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of mortality in the world. With the increase of Microbial resistance to chemical antibiotics and low side effects of medicinal herbs, it has become of great importance to use herbs as a source of antimicrobial compounds. Material and Methods: In this study, the extract of Trigonella foenum leaf and seed was prepared using 70% ethanol. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and antimicrobial Sensitivity were determined using microdilution broth and disk diffusion method, respectively. The Results were compared with Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin and Fluconasole. The tested strains were: clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterococcus faecium, Candida albicans and two standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: The least MIC of the leaf extract against the standard strain of S. S. aureus, E. faecium and clinical S. aureus is 64 μg/ml and for seed extract against E. faecium and Standard S. S. aureus is also 64 μg/ml. The largest diameter of inhibitory zone caused by leaf extract on Standard S. S. aureus is 23mm, and for seed against E. faecium is 18 mm. Conclusion: Because of antimicrobial effects of leaf and seed extract of Trigonella foenum, these extracts can be used as anti microbial compounds in pharmaceutical and food industries. Therefore, the isolation, identification and purification of the antimicrobial compounds of the extracts are recommended. Key words: Trigonella foenum, Antimicrobial effects, Minimum inhibitory concentration. R Abiri http://www.goums.ac.ir/mljgoums/browse.php?a_id=29&sid=1&slc_lang=en Abstract Background and objectives: In diabetic patients, infectious disease is one of the most important cause of admission, and sometimes a life threatening condition. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical features of infection in the hospitalized diabetic patients. Material and Methods: In This retrospective study, we evaluated the files of 122 diabetic patients aged over 20 years in 2004-2005. According to medical document coding, the data was collected by a checklist and then descriptive statistical analysis performed. Results: The subjects’ age is 57+11.76 years (23-83). The Mean time of diabetes diagnosis is 12.62+9.27 years. Sixty-six of them are male (54.5%).and the rest female. most of them (62.2%) were used oral hypoglycemic drugs on admission. Their median fasting blood sugar was 224mg/dl and 164mg/dl for the first and second measuring, respectively. The etiologies are soft tissue infection and diabetic foot ( 49.3%), sepsis(36%),pneumonia(5.7%),urinary infection(3.2%) and unknown(5.7%). None of diabetic foot patients was given specific education for taking care of their feet. Conclusion: in sixty -five percent of the subjects, fasting blood sugar was not in normal limit. Soft tissue infection and diabetic foot was the most infectious cause of admission. It seems that frequent control of blood sugar and foot- care related education can prevent from the most common cause of hospital admission in these patients. Key words: Diabetes, Clinical manifestations, Infection R Golsha http://www.goums.ac.ir/mljgoums/browse.php?a_id=28&sid=1&slc_lang=en Abstract Background and objectives: Since Rubella is an infectious disease with a few clinical symptoms, it is hardly diagnosed. Especially in the first trimester of pregnancy, congenital rubella is one of the major causes of neonatal mortality and permanent disablement in children. The aim of this study was to determine the sero immunity Level of The single Female student's after national rubella vaccination program in Iran. Material and Methods: This descriptive seroepidemiologic study was conducted on 129 single medical students. After taking written consent form, blood Sample was drawn. The anti-rubella IgG titer was evaluated using ELISA method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version10). Results: All Subjects had protective titer of anti-rubella antibodies. One hundred and eighteen students (91.5%) were immunized by taking rubella vaccine in the national vaccination program and only 11(8.5%) students reported that they suffered from natural rubella infection in the past. Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, vaccination against rubella in national vaccination program along with natural immunity caused by natural rubella infection in children could produce a protective immunity against rubella. Key words: Rubella, ELISA, vaccination, medical students A Ghazavi http://www.goums.ac.ir/mljgoums/browse.php?a_id=27&sid=1&slc_lang=en Abstract Background and objectives: Blood culture is a critical part of evaluation of Neonate suspected wath Septicaemia. This phenomenon is one of the most important causes of neonates in Neonatal. Material and Methods: This study was carried out on 1470 somples of neonates suspected with bacteraemia , using reutine microbiologicul technique. The samples wene assessed in hazrate Masoomeh hospilal of Kermansha,Iran. Results and Conclusions: of all samples, 112 (7.62%) ane pasitive. Most of the Positive cultures were obtained after 24 hours of incubation in broth mediu. we Confirmed this result by using diseriminafiue culture media the Isolated bacteria are Coagulase-negative Staphylococus(28.6%),Alfahymolylic Streptococus(0.09%), staphylococus aureus(10.7%),Klebseilla(6.2%),pseudomonas(12.5%),moraxella(0.9%),acin eto bacter(13.4%), Alcalingenes(13.4%),protenos(1.8%) and salmonela (0.9%). Conclusion: the frequency of Coagulase-negative Staphylococus Isolated from neonates Blood culture is more than the other micro organisms. Generally, the frequency of gram negative bacteria is higher than gram Positive. Key words: Septicaemia, Blood culture, Bacteraemia, Neonatal A Maleki http://www.goums.ac.ir/mljgoums/browse.php?a_id=26&sid=1&slc_lang=en Abstract Background and objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an opportunistic pathogen can establish lethal infections in immunocompromised patients or those exposed to predisposing factors. This bacterium contains a single polar flagellum causing motility, chemotaxis and colonization in acute phase of infection. The flagella filament is made up of a structural protein called flagellin. This study was aimed at determining The frequency of fliC gene in Clinical Samples. Material and Methods: In this study, a pair of specific primer for types of flagellin (a, b type) was designed and by using PCR method its structural gene (fliC) was recognized and amplified in clinical strains. Results: This original primer has appropriate efficiency in diagnostic of pseudomonas aeroginosa flagellum. Our study shows that 85% of the Clinical Samples have a fliC gene. Conclusion: This method can be applied to recognizing of the motile strains, and their antigenic typing, and complete amplification of fliC sequence in order to cloning and expression of recombinant flagellin. Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, flagellin, fliC, PCR M Sattari