Volume 11, Issue 3 (May-Jun 2017)
mljgoums 2017, 11(3): 15-19 |
Back to browse issues page
1- Department of Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Sistan and Baluchistan, Iran , jaber.alipoor1364@gmail.com
2- Department of Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Sistan and Baluchistan, Iran
3- Department of Parasitology and mycology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
2- Department of Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Sistan and Baluchistan, Iran
3- Department of Parasitology and mycology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
Abstract: (10223 Views)
ABSTRACT
Background and objective: Surgery is the gold standard treatment for hydatidosis. Scolicidal agents could be used during surgery to kill protoscoleces and prevent cyst recurrence after rupturing of main lesion. Non-chemical agents with sufficient protoscolex-killing activity are known to be fully effective in this regard with fewer side effects. Fig tree is an Iranian native plant, which has been used for medicinal purposes in traditional medicine.
Methods: After obtaining infected hydatid cyst of the liver from a slaughterhouse in Babol (Iran), the percentage of live protoscoleces was calculated by critical staining with 0.1 % eosin. Then, the protoscolex-killing activity of methanolic extract of fig leaves was evaluated at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/ml in 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 minutes exposure times. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 22).
Results: Concentration of 20 mg/ml of the extract showed 100% protoscolex-killing activity within the first 2 minutes of exposure. In addition, the lowest protoscolex-killing activity (45%) was observed at concentration of 2.5 mg/ml after 2 minutes. The results also showed that the protoscolex-killing activity of the extract increases significantly in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (P <0.001).
Conclusion: The methanolic extract of fig leaf at concentration of 20 mg/ml could exert significant scolicidal effect within 2 minutes of exposure. Therefore, complementary experiments should be performed on animal models to further assess the efficiency of the extract for killing protoscoleces of hydatid cyst during surgery.
Keywords: Echinococcus granulosus, methanolic extract of Ficus carica, broth dilution.
Background and objective: Surgery is the gold standard treatment for hydatidosis. Scolicidal agents could be used during surgery to kill protoscoleces and prevent cyst recurrence after rupturing of main lesion. Non-chemical agents with sufficient protoscolex-killing activity are known to be fully effective in this regard with fewer side effects. Fig tree is an Iranian native plant, which has been used for medicinal purposes in traditional medicine.
Methods: After obtaining infected hydatid cyst of the liver from a slaughterhouse in Babol (Iran), the percentage of live protoscoleces was calculated by critical staining with 0.1 % eosin. Then, the protoscolex-killing activity of methanolic extract of fig leaves was evaluated at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/ml in 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 minutes exposure times. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 22).
Results: Concentration of 20 mg/ml of the extract showed 100% protoscolex-killing activity within the first 2 minutes of exposure. In addition, the lowest protoscolex-killing activity (45%) was observed at concentration of 2.5 mg/ml after 2 minutes. The results also showed that the protoscolex-killing activity of the extract increases significantly in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (P <0.001).
Conclusion: The methanolic extract of fig leaf at concentration of 20 mg/ml could exert significant scolicidal effect within 2 minutes of exposure. Therefore, complementary experiments should be performed on animal models to further assess the efficiency of the extract for killing protoscoleces of hydatid cyst during surgery.
Keywords: Echinococcus granulosus, methanolic extract of Ficus carica, broth dilution.
Research Article: Original Paper |
Received: 2017/08/8 | Accepted: 2017/08/8 | Published: 2017/08/8 | ePublished: 2017/08/8
Received: 2017/08/8 | Accepted: 2017/08/8 | Published: 2017/08/8 | ePublished: 2017/08/8
References
1. Torgerson PR, Budke CM. Echinococcosis: An international public health challenge. Res Vet Sci. 2003; 74(3): 191-202. [DOI:10.1016/S0034-5288(03)00006-7]
2. Ustünsöz B, Akhan O, Kamiloğlu MA, Somuncu I, Uğurel MS, Cetiner S. Percutaneous treatment of hydatid cysts of the liver: long-term results. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999; 172(1): 91-6. [DOI:10.2214/ajr.172.1.9888746]
3. Moro PL, Schantz PM. Echinococcosis: historical landmarks and progress in research and control. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2006; 100(8): 703-14. DOI:10.1179/136485906X112257. [DOI:10.1179/136485906X112257]
4. Smego RA, Sebanego P. Treatment options for hepatic cystic Echinococcosis. Int J Infect Dis. 2005; 9(2): 69-76. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2004.08.001. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2004.08.001]
5. Besim H, Karayalçin K, Hamamci O. Scolicidal agents in hydatid cyst surgery. HPB Surg 1998; 10(6): 374-51. PMCID:PMC2423906. [DOI:10.1155/1998/78170]
6. Rajabi MA. Fatal reactions and methaemoglobinaemia after silver nitrate irrigation of hydatid cyst. Surg Pract. 2009; 13(1): 2-7. doi:10.1111/j.1744-1633.2008.00427.x. [DOI:10.1111/j.1744-1633.2008.00427.x]
7. Pawłowski ZS, Eckert J, Vuitton DA, Ammann RW. Echinococcosis in humans: clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment. WHO/OIE Manual on Echinococcosis in Humans and Animals. 2001; 92(9044): 522-532
8. McManus DP, Zhang W, Bartley PB. Echinococcosis. Lancet. 2003; 362(9392): 1295-304. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14573-4]
9. Salehi N, Rouhani S, Kamalinejad M, Zayeri F, Motaghifar A. Scolicidal effects of Berberis vulgaris fruit extract on hydatid cyst protoscolices. Tehran University Med Journal. 2014; 72(2): 121-128.[Persian]
10. Haghani A, Roozitalab A. Low scolicidal effect of Ocimum bacilicum and Allium Cepa on protoccoleces of hydatid cyst: an in vitro study. Comp Clin Pathol. 2014; 23(4): 847-53. [DOI:10.1007/s00580-013-1701-0]
11. Gholami SH, Rahimi-Esboei B, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Pourhajibagher M. In vitro effect of Sambucus ebulus on scolices of Hydatid cysts. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2013;17(13):1760-5.
12. Taran M, Azizi E. The Anthelmintic Effect of Pistacia khinjuk Against Protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus. World Journal of Zoology. 2009; 4(4): 291-5.
13. Marua H, Hammoshi Adeeba Y, Shareef Ahmed A. In Vitro Effects of Ethanolic Extract and Crude Alkaloids of Prosopis farcta Leaves on the Viability of Echinococcus granulosus Protoscolices in Comparison to Mebendazole. Raf Jour Sci Biology. 2006; 17(10): 43-52.
14. Zibaei M. Scolicidal Effects of Olea europaea and Satureja khuzestanica Extracts on Protoscolices of Hydatid Cysts. Korean Journal Parasitol. 2012; 50(1): 53-6. doi: 10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.53. [DOI:10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.53]
15. Lokman O. The Anthelmintic Effect Of Urtica dioica And Tanacetum vulgare L. On Protoscoleces Of Echinococcus granulosus. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR). 2013; 11(1): 84-9.
16. Mahdavi M, Masood J. Scolicidal effect of alcoholic, aqueous and total alkaloids of Peganum Harmala L. (Syrian Rue) against hydatid cysts protoscolices. Tehran Univ Med J (TUMJ). 2002; 60(3): 215-26.
17. Arayne MS, Sultana N, Bahadur SS. The berberis story: Berberis vulgaris in therapeutics. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2007; 20(1): 83-92.
18. Kumar M, Prakash S, Khamar D. Phytochemistry andPharmacological properties of Ficus religiosa:an overview. Annals of Biological Research. 2010; 1(4): 171-80.
19. Omidbaigi R, Hornok L. Effect of N fertilization on the production of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill). Acta Horticulture. 1992; 306: 249-252. Doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1992.306.30. [DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.1992.306.30]
20. Williams C, Sgarbieri C, Whitaker R. Proteolytic Activity in the Genus Ficus. Plant Physiol. 1968; 43(7): 1083-8. PMCID: PMC1086976.
21. Ning Ch, Leong A, Tako M. Antioxidant flavonoid glycosides from the leaves of ficus pumila L. Food Chem. 2008; 109(2): 415-20. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.069. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.069]
22. Lazerg H, Salah KBH, Chamont JP. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Ficus Carica Latex fractions against resistant human pathogens(antimicrobial activity of Ficus Carica latex). Pak J pharm Sci. 2010; 23(1): 53-8.
23. Yan W, Zhao M, Ma Y. Primary purification of tow antifungal proteins form leaves of the fig (Ficus Carica L.). African jornal of Biotechnology. 2011; 10(3): 375-9.
24. Sawarkar HA, Singh MK, Pandey AK, Bharadwaj D, Kashyap P. Comparative in vitro Anthelmintic activity of Ficus benghalensis, Ficus carica & Ficus religiosa. International Journal of PharmTech Research. 2011; 3(2): 157-9.
25. Snehal RA. Comparative in vitro anti helmintic activity of the latex of Ficus Carica . Racemosa, Relogiosa. International journal of pharmaeceutical research and bio-science. 2013; 2(2): 16-23.
26. Dziri C, Haouet K, Fingerhut A. Treatment of hydatid cyst of the liver: where is the evidence. World J Surg. 2004; 28(8): 731-6. [DOI:10.1007/s00268-004-7516-z]
27. Yorganci K, Sayek I. Surgical treatment of hydatid cysts of the liver in the era of percutaneous treatment. Am J Surg. 2002; 184(1): 63-9. [DOI:10.1016/S0002-9610(02)00877-2]
28. Buttenschoen K, Carli Buttenschoen D. Echinococcus granulosus infection: the challenge of surgical treatment. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2003; 388(4): 218-30. [DOI:10.1007/s00423-003-0397-z]
29. Martínez Peralta CA. A warning to surgeons who occasionally see hydatid cysts. Surgery. 1989; 105(4): 570-9.
30. Caglar R, Yuzbasioglu MF, Bulbuloglu E. In vitro effectiveness of different chemical agents on scolices of hydatid cyst. J Invest Surg. 2008; 21(2): 71-5. doi: 10.1080/08941930701883640. [DOI:10.1080/08941930701883640]
31. Altindis M, Arikan Y, Cetinkaya Z, Polat C, Yilmaz S, Akbulut G. Octenidine hydrochloride in hydatid disease. J Invest Surg. 2004; 17(1): 41-4. [DOI:10.1080/08941930490269637]
32. Sharma U, Velpandian T, Sharma P, Singh S. Evaluation of antileishmanial activity of selected Indian plants known to have antimicrobial properties. Parasitol Res 2009; 105(5): 1287-93. doi: 10.1007/s00436-009-1554-2. [DOI:10.1007/s00436-009-1554-2]
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |