Showing 8 results for Type of Article: Brief Report
Ali Asghar Shaker, Ali Akbari Sari, Maryam Radin Manesh, Ghasem Fakhraei, Ahmad Fayazbakhsh, Alireza Yousefi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Cataract disease is among the conditions that impose a substantial economic cost on countries every year due to their high prevalence rate. The prevalence of this disease has caused significant direct and indirect costs. This study aimed to estimate the economic burden caused by the costs of the cataract disease.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with cataract disease in Farabi Hospital of Tehran, Iran in 2014. Data were collected using the cost-determination checklist, a questionnaire, interviews with experts, and previous studies in this field. In addition, the Prevalence-based and social capital approaches were exploited to estimate the economic burden and costs of the cataract disease, respectively. Costs were divided into three types of medical expenses, patient and family expenses, and productivity lost costs. Data analysis was performed in Excel software.
Results: The economic burden of the cataract disease was estimated at 6202529401500 rials. Results demonstrated that the hospitalization costs were significantly higher, compared to the other costs related to the cataract disease.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the economic burden associated with the cataract disease was equal to 0.13% of the gross domestic product and included 2.43% health expenditure of Iran in 2010.
Mohammad Jalilvand, Hossein Samadi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2020)
Abstract
Background and objective: Psychological studies with behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy approaches seek to discover ways to treat attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of 12 weeks of physical activity with motor-cognitive approach on response inhibition and sustained attention in children with the symptoms of ADHD.
Material And MethodS: The present study was a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of the study consisted of all children aged 9 to 11 years with a history of 1 to 2 years of ADHD symptoms in Kermanshah. 30 children with ADHD voluntarily participated in the study and divided randomly in the experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group performed motor-cognitive training with moderate-intensity for 12 weeks (2 sessions in week) and 60 minute per session. The present research instrument was the Wechsler’s intelligence scale, the SNAP questionnaire, the stroop test and the continuous performance test. To analyze the data, multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance were used.
Results: The results showed a significant improvement in response inhibition (F1,28=63.1, sig=0.001) and sustained attention (F1,28=32.9, sig=0.001) scores in children with ADHD in the experimental group following 12 weeks of training (p≥0.001).
Conclusion: 12 weeks of physical activity with motor-cognitive approach had a positive effect on response inhibition and sustained attention in children with ADHD. Therefore, it is recommended that children with ADHD participate in physical activities with motor-cognitive approach to improve response inhibition and sustained attention.
Abdossaleh Zar, Fatemeh Ahmadi, Hamid Reza Sadeghipour, Abolfazl Shayan Nooshabadi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2020)
Abstract
Background and objective: Tobacco consumption is one of the hazardous factors that affect people’s quality of life and quality of sleep. This study aimed to compare components quality of sleep in physically active and inactive people tobacco consumers.
Methods: Tobacco consumers in Shiraz were the statistical population of this comparative study. That 470 people of them Participated in the study. Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire (PSQI) was used for data collection.
Results: physically active tobacco consumers compared with inactive tobacco consumers obtained significantly better scores in total PSQI score (p = 0.006) and subscales such as daytime dysfunction (p = 0.007), sleep duration (p = 0.002), sleep latency (p = 0.01), subjective sleep quality (p = 0.03).
Conclusion: Exercise and physical activity can have a positive effect on the quality of sleep in tobacco consumers. Findings can inform interventions designed to improve sleep quality via increasing opportunities for exercise among smokers.
Iman Shirinbak, Ali Baradaran Bagheri, Mohammad Javad Kharazifard, Peiman Goharshenasan, Mohammad Pirouzan,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2020)
Abstract
Background and objective: Damages to the oromaxillofacial region, if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, will cause permanent, serious clinical problems because of the characteristics of this anatomical region. Accordingly, the present study was performed on a 5-year investigation of epidemiology of oromaxillofacial fractures in patients admitted to Shahid Madani Hospital, Karaj, Iran.
Material And Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 235 medical files of patients with damages to the oromaxillofacial region available in the archive of Shahid Madani Hospital, Karaj from 2013 to 2018 were chosen as census and examined. Demographic variables including site and cause of fracture were recorded for each patient on information forms. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software and presented as descriptive statistics.
Results: In this study, out of 235 patients with oromaxillofacial fractures, 178 (75.7%) were male and 97 (41.3%) were female, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 30.96 ± 14.91 years. The main affected anatomical regions were as follows: Mandible 269 cases (49.17%), maxilla 117 cases (21.39%), and cheekbone 51 cases (9.32%). Accidents occuring with motor vehicles was the main cause of these fractures in 132 patients (56.2%).
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the fractures of oromaxillofacial regions were more common in men, young people, and middle-aged individuals, and mostly occurred in the mandible, maxilla, and cheekbone, with the main cause of these fractures being accidents happening with motor vehicles.
Shirin Heidarpour, Mehran Ghahramani, Sedigheh Hosseinpour Delavar,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Vascular obstruction and impaired blood flow and oxygen delivery cause a myocardial infarction and limit a person's function. Therefore, finding a way to create new arteries and replace blocked arteries has always been of interest to researchers, including exercise physiologists. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training on the capillary density of the myocardium and ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction in male rats with myocardial infarction.
Material and Methods: 16 ten-week-old male wistar rats with mean weight of 250-300gr were allocated to two groups of experimental (60 minutes of interval treadmill running for four minutes at an intensity of 65-70% VO2max and two minutes of active rest at 50-60 percent of VO2max for 5 days a week for 8 weeks) and control group (without any training). Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the capillary density of the myocardium. Ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction were measured by Doppler echocardiography. Data were analyzed in SPSS18 using independent samples t test (α≤ 0.05).
Results: The findings showed that there was a significant increase in the capillary density of the myocardium (p=0.000), ejection fraction (P = 0.001) and left ventricular shortening fraction (P = 0.001) in the experimental group as compared with the control group.
Conclusion: In general, eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training can effectively increase angiogenesis in male Wistar rats after MI.
Mostafa Yeganegi, Ali Behnampour, Fatemeh Mirzaei, Atena Tabrizi, Haleh Zokaee,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2020)
Abstract
Background and objective: Psychological status is one of the quality of life (QOL) domains which can be affected by hyposalivation caused by head and neck radiotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the psychological status of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who were suffering from hyposalivation after at least one week of receiving radiotherapy.
Material And Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 44 HNC patients with history of hyposalivation caused by radiotherapy, in 5 Azar hospital from 1397-1398. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used for data collection. Shapiro-Wilk test, parametric and nonparametric tests and SPSS 18 software were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The average psychological status of patients was 27.50 out of 84 (lower score indicated better psychological status). The mean score of physical health was 7.39, social functioning was 6.16, anxiety/insomnia were 12.64 and depression was 1.33 with the maximum being 21. Psychological status was not significantly different between genders. Ageing caused all subscales to increase except depression. A direct relationship between social functionality and psychological status was reported.
Conclusion: Hyposalivation due to radiotherapy affects psychological status and its components in patients. Also, various factors such as ageing and lower education level can be effective in reducing psychological status in the patients with head and neck cancer who were suffering from hyposalivation due to receiving radiotherapy.
Zahra Tajari, Leila Fozouni,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Foodborne illness is a common public health problem. Surfaces and equipment used in food production are involved in the spread of foodborne pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effect of Vinoxide and Sanisept against Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food production lines.
Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, 110 samples were taken from various equipment and surfaces used in food workshops and local kitchens. After identification of S. aureus by microbiological tests, the antimicrobial effect of two disinfectants (Vinoxide and Sanisept) on the isolates was assessed using the dilution-neutralization test according to the protocols of Iranian National Standards No 2842 and 9899.
Results: Of 110 collected samples, 21 (19.1%) were contaminated with S. aureus. The results showed that 19% and 38% of S. aureus isolates were able to grow after treatment with Vinoxide and Sanisept, respectively. Although Vinoxide had better bactericidal effect than Sanisept, both disinfectants could significantly reduce the number of live S. aureus isolates (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Sanisept and Vinoxide have significant inhibitory effects on S. aureus isolates, but due to the unpleasant odor of Vinoxide, the use of Sanisept is recommended in food industry.
Ghanbar Roohi, Gholam Reza Mahmoodi-Shan ,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The performance of organizations depends on the motivation of each individual to help improve the quality of services. The present study aimed to assess the correlation between job motivation and the motivational priorities of the employees working in hospitals affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 367 hospital staff of Golestan University of Medical Sciences in 2016 during nine months. The participants were selected via stratified sampling and simple random sampling using the standard situational motivation scale (SIMS) and Lawrence Lindal motivational priorities. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20 using descriptive and analytical statistics.
Results: The mean age of the employees was 26-50 years, and their mean work experience was 11-30 years. In total, 258 participants (68.1%) worked in medical wards. The key motivating factor in the staff was interest in the job (n=84; 19.8%), which was considered the first priority. In addition, a significant difference was observed between the mean job motivation and ethnicity (P=0.012). However, Spearman’s test showed no significant correlation between job motivation and motivational priorities, except for mutual understanding (P=0.049).
Conclusion: According to the results, job motivation was desirable in the studied hospital staff, and the factor of interest in the job was the foremost priority of the staff. Therefore, managers should pay attention to the influential factors in the motivation of their employees.
