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Raziyeh Shiri, Mandana Gholami, Hojatolah Nikbakht, Khosrow Ebrahim,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2020)
Abstract

Background and objective: Resistance training is a potential stimulus to increase muscle protein synthesis and the time under tension of muscle is one of the variables of strength training that contributes to its adaptation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with slow and fast speeds on some anabolic and catabolic hormones in healthy young women. 
Material and Methods: This quasi- experimental study was conducted on 20 female students (mean age 21.65±2.03 years). The subjects were randomly and equally assigned to two groups with a time under tension of 1s-1s (fast contraction speed (FCS)) and 3s-3s (slow contraction speed (SCS)). The training load was the same in both groups and resistance training was done in a circular manner for six weeks, three days a week in eight stations. Blood samples were taken from the subjects to study the research variables before the training period and 48h after the last session of the training.
Results: There was no significant difference between the serum levels of GH(P = 0.82), IGF-1(P = 0.13) and cortisol(P = 0.59) in both groups, but the levels of myostatin in the fast group increased and in the slow group decreased, and the difference between the two groups was significant (P = 0.04). Also, in the strength test, the slow group experienced further increased strength. (P = 0.02)
Conclusion: : Although no significant changes in the levels of IGF-1, myostatin, and cortisol is observed in intragroup comparison at six weeks, resistance training with slow contraction speed can lead to further increases in the growth hormone levels and strength.

Iman Shirinbak, Ali Baradaran Bagheri, Mohammad Javad Kharazifard, Peiman Goharshenasan, Mohammad Pirouzan,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2020)
Abstract

Background and objective: Damages to the oromaxillofacial region, if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, will cause permanent, serious clinical problems because of the characteristics of this anatomical region. Accordingly, the present study was performed on a 5-year investigation of epidemiology of oromaxillofacial fractures in patients admitted to Shahid Madani Hospital, Karaj, Iran.
Material And Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 235 medical files of patients with damages to the oromaxillofacial region available in the archive of Shahid Madani Hospital, Karaj from 2013 to 2018 were chosen as census and examined. Demographic variables including site and cause of fracture were recorded for each patient on information forms. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software and presented as descriptive statistics.
Results: In this study, out of 235 patients with oromaxillofacial fractures, 178 (75.7%) were male and 97 (41.3%) were female, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 30.96 ± 14.91 years. The main affected anatomical regions were as follows: Mandible 269 cases (49.17%), maxilla 117 cases (21.39%), and cheekbone 51 cases (9.32%). Accidents occuring with motor vehicles was the main cause of these fractures in 132 patients (56.2%).
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the fractures of oromaxillofacial regions were more common in men, young people, and middle-aged individuals, and mostly occurred in the mandible, maxilla, and cheekbone, with the main cause of these fractures being accidents happening with motor vehicles.

Shirin Heidarpour, Mehran Ghahramani, Sedigheh Hosseinpour Delavar,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2020)
Abstract

Background and Objective: Vascular obstruction and impaired blood flow and oxygen delivery cause a myocardial infarction and limit a person's function. Therefore, finding a way to create new arteries and replace blocked arteries has always been of interest to researchers, including exercise physiologists. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training on the capillary density of the myocardium and ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction in male rats with myocardial infarction.
Material and Methods: 16 ten-week-old male wistar rats with mean weight of 250-300gr were allocated to two groups of experimental (60 minutes of interval treadmill running for four minutes at an intensity of 65-70% VO2max and two minutes of active rest at 50-60 percent of VO2max for 5 days a week for 8 weeks) and control group (without any training). Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the capillary density of the myocardium. Ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction were measured by Doppler echocardiography. Data were analyzed in SPSS18 using independent samples t test (α≤ 0.05).
Results: The findings showed that there was a significant increase in the capillary density of the myocardium (p=0.000), ejection fraction (P = 0.001) and left ventricular shortening fraction (P = 0.001) in the experimental group as compared with the control group.
Conclusion: In general, eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training can effectively increase angiogenesis in male Wistar rats after MI. 

Behrooz Yahyaei, Shirin Varmazyar,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract

Background and Objective: This study was conducted aimed to compare effects of Methylphenidate and endurance exercise on histopathological changes in brain tissue of male Wistar rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Material and Methods: In this study, 33 rats were divided into a control group (5 rats) and 4 experimental groups (28 rats) and 10 mg/kg of L-NAME (L-Arginine Methyl Ester) was injected peritoneally for 8 weeks for 6 days a week. Rats that tested positive for open test were used. Balance and motor coordination tests were taken after 8 weeks of training using Beam Walking or Balance Test. The drug group was given 1 mg per kg of Methylphenidate orally. The rats in the exercise group trained 30 minutes a day and 7 days a week for 4 weeks. Open Field Test was used to diagnose hyperactivity. 5-band treadmill was used for doing endurance exercise.
Results: The results of the present study show that the effect of exercise on reducing histopathological changes in brain tissue in neonatal rats with ADHD is present. Therefore, it can be stated that exercise can be an alternative to the drugs such as methylphenidate.
Conclusion: According to the studyresults, the effect of exercise alone to methylphenidate is greater on brain tissue changes. Although the drug has been more effective on improving some variables such as changes in gray matter, it has not reduced neuronal changes, congestion and inflammation not seen in the exercise group. Also, the study results of simultaneous drug use and exercise are satisfactory.

Zahra Bahrololoomi, Tahereh Sadeghieh, Nahid Maghsoodi, Shirin Pajouhandeh,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract

Background and Objective: Children’s dental fear is one of the most important challenges that pediatric dentistry faces. Several factors play an important role in children’s dental fear. Home quarantine, changes in routine life and economic disadvantages have resulted in emotional changes in parents and children during COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of children’s dental fear, parental anxiety and their possible correlation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and Methods: The present cross-sectional study comprised one hundred and four children aged 6-12-year-old and their parents. The level of parental anxiety was evaluated using Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory. CFSS-DS (Children Fear Schedule Survey-Dental Subscale) questionnaire assessed the child’s dental fear. Independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis.
Results: There were significant correlations between the level of parent’s state and trait anxiety and child’s dental fear (respectively P value=0.009 and P value=0.000). However girls showed insignificant higher levels of dental fear compared with boys (P value=0.175), children younger than 9 years old and children with a previous dental treatment had significantly higher dental fear scores (respectively P value=0.006 and P value=0.002). Age, gender and level of education did not show a significant effect on the level of parental anxiety (respectively P value=0.630, P value=0.874 and P value=0.198).
Conclusion: The study has resulted in a significant correlation between parental state-trait anxiety and children’s dental fear.

Zahra Hashemi Shiri, Tahereh Bagherpour, Nemtallah Nemati,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract

Background: Obesity has been recognized as a global problem that is increasing day by day. Although t Background: Obesity has been recognized as a global problem that is increasing day by day. Although the favorable effects of training and herbal supplements have been reported in this regard, the synergistic effects of the two are still a challenge for researchers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of Aerobic Training (AT) and Curcumin (Cu) consumption on adiponectin gene expression in the visceral adipose tissue and some anthropometric indicators of rats fed with High-Fat Diet (HFD).
Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 rats with HFD (1.5 mg/kg/day high-fat emulsion) were randomly divided into five groups, including: (1) Healthy Control (HC), (2) High-Fat Diet Control (HFD), (3) HFD+Cu, (4) HFD+AT, and (5) HFD+Cu+AT. Aerobic training was carried out for six weeks, five sessions per week and each session of training was performed 10-50 minutes at a speed of 25-30 meters per minute and a slope of 15 degrees. Also, curcumin was fed to rats by gavage in the amount of 1.5 mg/kg/day. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test was used to analyze adiponectin and ANCOVA test with Bonferroni's test was used to analyze BMI. Data were analyzed in Prism GraphPad PRISM 3.8.3 software (P≤0.05).
Results: Adiponectin gene expression levels in the HFD+AT, HFD+Cu and HFD+AT+Cu groups were significantly higher than the HFD group (P≥0.05). Weight and BMI levels in the HFD+AT and HFD+AT+Cu groups were significantly lower than the HFD (P≥0.05). Also, in the HFD+AT+Cu group, the weight and BMI levels were significantly lower and the adiponectin levels were significantly higher than the HFD+Cu group (P≥0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that exercise training and curcumin consumption both individually and synergistically can be effective in improving anthropometric characteristics by affecting adiponectin levels.he favorable effects of training and herbal supplements have been reported in this regard, the synergistic effects of the two are still a challenge for researchers.


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