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Showing 16 results for Iri

Alireza Heydari, Mohammad Javad Kabir, Ashrafi Babazadeh Gashti, Nahid Jafari, Mansoureh Lotfi, Mohammad Aryaei, Mohammad Reza Honarvar, Mohammad Ali Pourabasi, Maryam Iri,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (10-2014)
Abstract

Background & Objective: Job satisfaction Increases individual efficiency and commitment to the organization, ensuring the physical and mental health, life satisfaction and accelerate the learning of new skills on the job. The aim of this study was to determine the status of health professionals› satisfaction in the Golestan province. Method: In this cross- sectional study, 1,275 health workers of Health centers in the Golestan province in the year 1391 were participated using the census method. Data was collected using Herzberg job satisfaction questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, ANOVA and t-Test at the significant level of 0.05. Results: Job satisfaction in terms of staff maintenance and support and given the potential and experience of individuals in granting liability were at dissatisfied level, In terms of corporate communications, career development, salary and benefits, challenges and job management, at relatively dissatisfied and from the aspect of social acceptance level was at relatively satisfied. Job satisfaction was significantly associated with work experience (P=0.049), ethnicity (P=0.009) and city of service location (P=0.001). Conclusion: Due to poor job satisfaction levels, effective actions should be taken to improve organizational communication, career development, salary and benefits, social acceptance, staff maintenance and support, management, Job challenges, and granting responsibilities based on the ability and experience of the individuals.
Hamidollah Iri, Dr Ghahreman Mahmoudi, Dr Mohammad Ali Jahani Tiji,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (10-2017)
Abstract

Background & Objective: The fair distribution of medical specialists among the population of a country is one of the requirements for the public health. We aimed to investigating the distribution of medical specialists using Gini coefficient in all governmental hospitals in two medical universities of Golestan (15 hospitals) and Mazandaran (23 hospitals) provinces.
Methods: The present practical study was conducted using descriptive and analytical methods. The research data including the number of physicians, population and number of active beds in each city and province were obtained from the deputy of treatment of medical universities in each province. The Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient were used to analyze the distribution of specialists using Excel software. T-test was used to compare the Gini coefficients between the two provinces. Multiple regression tests were performed using SPSS software version 16 to investigate the relationship between variables.
Results: The results showed that Gini coefficients on the basis of population in Mazandaran province were within optimum limit (less than 0.2). However, Gini coefficients on the basis of population in Golestan province were undesirable (more than 0.2) and there was also an inequality in the Gini coefficients based on the number of population between the two provinces of Golestan and Mazandaran (P=0.000, t=17.89).
Conclusion: According to the findings, the distribution of specialist physicians is desirable in Mazandaran province based on population. However, there was inequality in the distribution of specialist physicians in Golestan province. The accurate and fair estimation of the required human resources and the distribution on the basis of population and required indicators could lead to a reduction in the cost of treatment for families and better efficiency of health resources.

Anis Abbasi, Amir Ashkan Nasiri Pour, Seyyed Jamalodin Tabibi, Pouran Raeisi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (6-2018)
Abstract

Background and objectives: The development and distribution of hospital beds, regardless of effective factors, may downgrade equity in access to health services through imposing costs of inefficiency. This study aimed to develop a hospital bed distribution model in Iran in order to facilitate the optimal and cost-effective development and distribution of hospital beds.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study with mixed-methods analysis was carried out during 2015-2016. The research population encompassed 345 managers and experts in the field of health, who were selected using multistage quota sampling method from five regions of Iran (north, south, center, west and east). A total pool of 23 experts were selected from each university, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was used to evaluate the questionnaire content and face validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation were run as well to determine the questionnaire reliability and item consistency, respectively. For this purpose, AMOS version 20 and SPSS version 20 software were employed. To determine the fit of the model, the fit indices were also considered.
Results: Out of 51 effective factors included in the questionnaire in accordance with content validity, 23 items were confirmed by the experts. Exploratory factor analysis detected five organizational (seven components), economic (four components), social (six components), political (three components) and geographic (three components) factors as the main dimensions of hospital bed distribution, which could explain 70.745% of variance for all variables. The organizational and geographical dimensions had the highest (1.00) and lowest (0.16) influence on the hospital bed distribution. After running confirmatory factor analysis, two components of social and economic attributes with factor load of 0.46 in social dimension and efficiency and effectiveness of existing centers with factor load of 0.31 in the economic dimension were excluded from the model.
Conclusion: This study confirmed the hospital bed distribution model with five organizational, social, economic, political, and geographical dimensions, in which the organizational dimension with high explanatory power had the greatest impact on the hospital bed distribution. Therefore, this model seems efficient to be used as a comprehensive and appropriate method in making policies and decisions about the development and distribution of hospital beds.
 
Samira Mahmoudi, Rozita Nasiri, Abolfazl Jafari Sales,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (12-2019)
Abstract

Background and objectives: Microbial resistance to antibiotics is one of the most common problems in the health care system. Therefore, many efforts have been performed to find new compounds as antimicrobial compounds. This study carried out to investigate the in-vitro antibacterial effect of methanolic extract of peppermint on standard Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain.
Material and Methods: In this experimental laboratory study, after collecting and performing pharmacognosy evaluations, methanolic extract of the peppermint plant was prepared and its antimicrobial effects on several bacteria were determined at concentrations of 20 to 400 mg/ml using the agar well diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)  methods. The test was repeated five times for each bacterium and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: It was revealed that the methanolic extract of peppermint had antimicrobial effects against standard Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The highest effect was observed in S. aureus and the least in P. aeruginosa.  MIC and MBC of methanol extract on S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa were 6.5-15.5, 15.5-25, 50-100, and 100-200 mg/ml, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that peppermint can be considered as an antibacterial medicinal herb and that if the concentration of the extract is higher, its antibacterial properties will also increase. Thus, it can be used as an alternative to the usual chemical drugs in the treatment of infections after evaluating their effects in vitro.
Abolfazl Jafari-Sales, Homeira Khaneshpour, Mehrdad Pashazadeh, Rozita Nasiri,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract

On December 31, 2019, the Wuhan-China Health Commission reported a case of pneumonia in the city. The first symptoms began in mid-December 2019. Clinically isolated specimens identified the coronavirus as the cause of the disease. It was first shown as 2019-nCoV, and as the number of victims of the coronavirus crossed the border of thousands of people, the World Health Organization chose the official name COVID-19 for its illness. Although it appears to be of animal origin, it is rapidly transmitting from person to person around the world. The World Health Organization released a statement calling the outbreak of the new Corona virus a Public Health Emergency Situations that poses a threat to the whole world, not just China. In this study highlights how the virus is transmitted, the clinical signs, the laboratory characteristics, the pathogenicity of the virus, Vaccines, and the prevention and control of the spread of the virus.

Raziyeh Shiri, Mandana Gholami, Hojatolah Nikbakht, Khosrow Ebrahim,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2020)
Abstract

Background and objective: Resistance training is a potential stimulus to increase muscle protein synthesis and the time under tension of muscle is one of the variables of strength training that contributes to its adaptation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with slow and fast speeds on some anabolic and catabolic hormones in healthy young women. 
Material and Methods: This quasi- experimental study was conducted on 20 female students (mean age 21.65±2.03 years). The subjects were randomly and equally assigned to two groups with a time under tension of 1s-1s (fast contraction speed (FCS)) and 3s-3s (slow contraction speed (SCS)). The training load was the same in both groups and resistance training was done in a circular manner for six weeks, three days a week in eight stations. Blood samples were taken from the subjects to study the research variables before the training period and 48h after the last session of the training.
Results: There was no significant difference between the serum levels of GH(P = 0.82), IGF-1(P = 0.13) and cortisol(P = 0.59) in both groups, but the levels of myostatin in the fast group increased and in the slow group decreased, and the difference between the two groups was significant (P = 0.04). Also, in the strength test, the slow group experienced further increased strength. (P = 0.02)
Conclusion: : Although no significant changes in the levels of IGF-1, myostatin, and cortisol is observed in intragroup comparison at six weeks, resistance training with slow contraction speed can lead to further increases in the growth hormone levels and strength.

Fatemeh Monirian, Reyhane Abedi, Negar Balmeh, Samira Mahmoudi, Fereshteh Mirzaei Poor,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2020)
Abstract

Background and objective: Some common problems in the health care system are Microbial resistance to antibiotics, the side effects of food additives, and preservatives. Considering the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms and the need to identify new compounds, the present study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial effects of Artemisia extracts.
Material And Method The study was performed in two stages including extraction and determination of antibacterial properties of aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic, acetone/ethanolic, and hydroethanolic extracts of Artemisia on standard Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, and oral bacteria sample. The well diffusion method was performed to evaluate the concentration that had an inhibitory and bactericidal effect.
Result: Aqueous extract had an effect on the oral bacteria sample (8 mm), the methanolic extract had an effect on S. pyogenes and oral bacteria sample (15 mm) and finally acetone/ethanolic extracts had antimicrobial properties against S. pyogenes (16 mm). The concentration used for all five extracts was 50 mg/ml and showed an inhibition effect on the growth of S. pyogenes standard strain and oral bacteria sample. The less serial dilutions of extracts were tested but no antibacterial effects were seen. So, 50 mg/ml was the minimum concentration that had an inhibitory and bactericidal effect.
Conclusion: It can be inferred that aqueous, methanolic, and acetone/ethanolic extracts of Artemisia had the highest inhibitory effect on S. pyogenes and the oral bacteria sample. Consequently, by applying different extraction methods and by utilizing different solvents, it may be possible to more efficiently obtain biomaterials with antimicrobial properties from this plant.
 

Iman Shirinbak, Ali Baradaran Bagheri, Mohammad Javad Kharazifard, Peiman Goharshenasan, Mohammad Pirouzan,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2020)
Abstract

Background and objective: Damages to the oromaxillofacial region, if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, will cause permanent, serious clinical problems because of the characteristics of this anatomical region. Accordingly, the present study was performed on a 5-year investigation of epidemiology of oromaxillofacial fractures in patients admitted to Shahid Madani Hospital, Karaj, Iran.
Material And Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 235 medical files of patients with damages to the oromaxillofacial region available in the archive of Shahid Madani Hospital, Karaj from 2013 to 2018 were chosen as census and examined. Demographic variables including site and cause of fracture were recorded for each patient on information forms. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software and presented as descriptive statistics.
Results: In this study, out of 235 patients with oromaxillofacial fractures, 178 (75.7%) were male and 97 (41.3%) were female, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 30.96 ± 14.91 years. The main affected anatomical regions were as follows: Mandible 269 cases (49.17%), maxilla 117 cases (21.39%), and cheekbone 51 cases (9.32%). Accidents occuring with motor vehicles was the main cause of these fractures in 132 patients (56.2%).
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the fractures of oromaxillofacial regions were more common in men, young people, and middle-aged individuals, and mostly occurred in the mandible, maxilla, and cheekbone, with the main cause of these fractures being accidents happening with motor vehicles.

Shirin Heidarpour, Mehran Ghahramani, Sedigheh Hosseinpour Delavar,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2020)
Abstract

Background and Objective: Vascular obstruction and impaired blood flow and oxygen delivery cause a myocardial infarction and limit a person's function. Therefore, finding a way to create new arteries and replace blocked arteries has always been of interest to researchers, including exercise physiologists. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training on the capillary density of the myocardium and ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction in male rats with myocardial infarction.
Material and Methods: 16 ten-week-old male wistar rats with mean weight of 250-300gr were allocated to two groups of experimental (60 minutes of interval treadmill running for four minutes at an intensity of 65-70% VO2max and two minutes of active rest at 50-60 percent of VO2max for 5 days a week for 8 weeks) and control group (without any training). Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the capillary density of the myocardium. Ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction were measured by Doppler echocardiography. Data were analyzed in SPSS18 using independent samples t test (α≤ 0.05).
Results: The findings showed that there was a significant increase in the capillary density of the myocardium (p=0.000), ejection fraction (P = 0.001) and left ventricular shortening fraction (P = 0.001) in the experimental group as compared with the control group.
Conclusion: In general, eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training can effectively increase angiogenesis in male Wistar rats after MI. 

Behrooz Yahyaei, Shirin Varmazyar,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract

Background and Objective: This study was conducted aimed to compare effects of Methylphenidate and endurance exercise on histopathological changes in brain tissue of male Wistar rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Material and Methods: In this study, 33 rats were divided into a control group (5 rats) and 4 experimental groups (28 rats) and 10 mg/kg of L-NAME (L-Arginine Methyl Ester) was injected peritoneally for 8 weeks for 6 days a week. Rats that tested positive for open test were used. Balance and motor coordination tests were taken after 8 weeks of training using Beam Walking or Balance Test. The drug group was given 1 mg per kg of Methylphenidate orally. The rats in the exercise group trained 30 minutes a day and 7 days a week for 4 weeks. Open Field Test was used to diagnose hyperactivity. 5-band treadmill was used for doing endurance exercise.
Results: The results of the present study show that the effect of exercise on reducing histopathological changes in brain tissue in neonatal rats with ADHD is present. Therefore, it can be stated that exercise can be an alternative to the drugs such as methylphenidate.
Conclusion: According to the studyresults, the effect of exercise alone to methylphenidate is greater on brain tissue changes. Although the drug has been more effective on improving some variables such as changes in gray matter, it has not reduced neuronal changes, congestion and inflammation not seen in the exercise group. Also, the study results of simultaneous drug use and exercise are satisfactory.

Fahimeh Rashidi Maybodi, Farzane Vaziri,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract

According to recent studies, oral lesions associated with COVID-19, manifests in various forms which may be as inaugural symptoms for the onset of the disease. However, further investigations are needed to confirm their probable characteristic role in diagnosis of COVID-19. It should be also noted that any oral manifestation in COVID-19 must be considered to avoid neglecting oral changes with more lasting destructive effects such as necrotizing periodontal lesions.

 
Nazila Javadi-Pashaki, Mohammad Javad Ghazanfari, Sahar Miri , Samad Karkhah,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract

Decreased life expectancy is considered as a key indicator of human development. Obviously, the increase in mortality, especially in vulnerable groups such as older people, leads to a major disruption in the human development of countries. On the other hand, the destructive social and economic effects of COVID-19 on human life further reduce their life expectancy. Therefore, it is suggested that policymakers and health managers make appropriate decisions such as timely vaccination of older people, future treatment measures, and appropriate behavioral changes to control the disease and improve life expectancy among older people during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Zahra Bahrololoomi, Tahereh Sadeghieh, Nahid Maghsoodi, Shirin Pajouhandeh,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract

Background and Objective: Children’s dental fear is one of the most important challenges that pediatric dentistry faces. Several factors play an important role in children’s dental fear. Home quarantine, changes in routine life and economic disadvantages have resulted in emotional changes in parents and children during COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of children’s dental fear, parental anxiety and their possible correlation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and Methods: The present cross-sectional study comprised one hundred and four children aged 6-12-year-old and their parents. The level of parental anxiety was evaluated using Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory. CFSS-DS (Children Fear Schedule Survey-Dental Subscale) questionnaire assessed the child’s dental fear. Independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis.
Results: There were significant correlations between the level of parent’s state and trait anxiety and child’s dental fear (respectively P value=0.009 and P value=0.000). However girls showed insignificant higher levels of dental fear compared with boys (P value=0.175), children younger than 9 years old and children with a previous dental treatment had significantly higher dental fear scores (respectively P value=0.006 and P value=0.002). Age, gender and level of education did not show a significant effect on the level of parental anxiety (respectively P value=0.630, P value=0.874 and P value=0.198).
Conclusion: The study has resulted in a significant correlation between parental state-trait anxiety and children’s dental fear.

Sahar Miri, Samad Karkhah, Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah, Amirabbas Mollaei, Atefeh Falakdami, Poorya Takasi, Amir Emami Zeydi, Mohammad Javad Ghazanfari,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract

Background and Objective: Since December 2019, the widespread outbreak of COVID-19 has led to a major public health issue worldwide. With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, a series of ethically challenging issues arose that put pressure on healthcare systems around the world. This narrative review aims to comprehensively review the literature focusing on ethical challenges and coping strategies about issues related to the healthcare system and social issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and Methods: This narrative review was conducted via international databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus using keywords extracted from medical subject headings such as "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV disease", "2019 novel coronavirus infection", "Ethics", "Bioethical Issues", "Morals", "Coping Skills", "Coping Skill", "Coping Strategies", and "Coping Strategy" from December 2019 to January 2022.
Results: In general, ethical issues during the COVID-19 pandemic can be divided into two categories: 1) issues related to the healthcare system and 2) social issues. Issues related to the healthcare system can be divided into two categories: 1) lack of resources, equipment and facilities, and manpower, and 2) problems in patient care such as triage and informed consent. Social issues can be divided into four categories: 1) community engagement, 2) crisis management capacity in remote rural communities, 3) discrimination and health equity, and 4) vaccination. Coping with ethical challenges in crises such as COVID-19 requires changing health empowerment policies and strategies based on evidence-based research. On the other hand, overcome on these challenges requires interdisciplinary collaboration and fast efficient decisions.
Conclusion: Overall, the present study introduced ethical challenges and coping strategies during the COVID 19 pandemic. The experience gained from this pandemic can be considered by managers and policymakers of health care systems for coping with ethical challenges.



Nasrin Kheibar , Hossein Nasiri,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract

Although social isolation could be easily implemented during COVID-19, it affects the elderly and increases their loneliness. Our experience of the COVID-19 pandemic has been unpleasant, changes in the style of social communication in the elderly and their using of new technologies indicate resilience and adaptation in the face of crises in the elderly, which is a valuable lesson learned from the circumstances.

Zahra Hashemi Shiri, Tahereh Bagherpour, Nemtallah Nemati,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract

Background: Obesity has been recognized as a global problem that is increasing day by day. Although t Background: Obesity has been recognized as a global problem that is increasing day by day. Although the favorable effects of training and herbal supplements have been reported in this regard, the synergistic effects of the two are still a challenge for researchers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of Aerobic Training (AT) and Curcumin (Cu) consumption on adiponectin gene expression in the visceral adipose tissue and some anthropometric indicators of rats fed with High-Fat Diet (HFD).
Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 rats with HFD (1.5 mg/kg/day high-fat emulsion) were randomly divided into five groups, including: (1) Healthy Control (HC), (2) High-Fat Diet Control (HFD), (3) HFD+Cu, (4) HFD+AT, and (5) HFD+Cu+AT. Aerobic training was carried out for six weeks, five sessions per week and each session of training was performed 10-50 minutes at a speed of 25-30 meters per minute and a slope of 15 degrees. Also, curcumin was fed to rats by gavage in the amount of 1.5 mg/kg/day. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test was used to analyze adiponectin and ANCOVA test with Bonferroni's test was used to analyze BMI. Data were analyzed in Prism GraphPad PRISM 3.8.3 software (P≤0.05).
Results: Adiponectin gene expression levels in the HFD+AT, HFD+Cu and HFD+AT+Cu groups were significantly higher than the HFD group (P≥0.05). Weight and BMI levels in the HFD+AT and HFD+AT+Cu groups were significantly lower than the HFD (P≥0.05). Also, in the HFD+AT+Cu group, the weight and BMI levels were significantly lower and the adiponectin levels were significantly higher than the HFD+Cu group (P≥0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that exercise training and curcumin consumption both individually and synergistically can be effective in improving anthropometric characteristics by affecting adiponectin levels.he favorable effects of training and herbal supplements have been reported in this regard, the synergistic effects of the two are still a challenge for researchers.


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