Volume 7, Issue 4 (12-2019)                   Jorjani Biomed J 2019, 7(4): 30-39 | Back to browse issues page


XML Print


1- Department of Sport Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Sport Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , ali.azarbayjani@gmail.com
3- Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
Abstract:   (6771 Views)
Background and objectives: Controlling nutrition and exercise can be two important strategies in controlling tendon health. It has been reported that resistance training and palm pollen separately can improve Scleraxis (Scx) in tendon tissue; so present study aimed to investigate the interactive effects of resistance training with ethanolic extract of palm pollen on Scx protein and gene expression levels in the tendon tissue of male adult rats.
Methods: In this experimental study 30 male adult rats divided into 6 groups of 6 rats including: 1) sham, 2) training, 3) palm pollen, 4) testosterone, 5) training + palm pollen, and 6) training + testosterone. During 4 weeks, groups 2, 5, and 6 performed resistance trainings for five sessions per week; groups 3 and 5 received 100 mg/kg palm pollen for five days per week via gavage and groups 4 and 6 received 2 mg/kg testosterone propionate peritoneally. Scx protein and gene expression levels were measured in tendon tissue by Western blot and real-time PCR methods respectively. Shapiro- Wilk, one way ANOVA with Tukey’s post- hoc tests were used to analyze the findings (P≤0.05).
Results: Training significantly increased Scx protein levels (P=0.005); palm pollen significantly increased Scx gene expression levels (P=0.001); training + palm pollen significantly increased Scx protein and gene expression levels (P=0.001) also training + palm pollen had more favorable effect on increase of Scx protein and gene expression levels compared to training and palm pollen alone (P=0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that resistance training simultaneously with palm pollen administration can have a more favorable effect than each one alone on improving Scx protein and gene expression levels in tendon tissue of male adult rats.
Full-Text [PDF 485 kb]   (1887 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (900 Views)  
Type of Article: Original article | Subject: Molecular Sciences
Received: 2019/05/15 | Accepted: 2019/09/29 | Published: 2019/12/1

References
1. Akbarnajad N, Mohammadi Shahbolaghi F, Khankeh H R, Sokhangoiy Y, Biglaryan A, Sedghi N. Effect of Acupressure on knee pain and stiffness intensity in elderly patients with osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial. IJRN. 2016; 2 (2): 22-31. [Google Scholar]
2. Hosseini A, Ghorbanian M, Reza zadeh M, Azari A. Investigating the therapeutic role of low power laser beams on tendon rupture. Res Sport Sci. 2001; 1: 62-75.
3. Scott A, Danielson P, Abraham T, Fong G, Sampaio AV, Underhill TM. Mechanical force modulates scleraxis expression in bioartificial tendons. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2011; 11 (2): 124-32. [Google Scholar]
4. Thorsen K, Kristoffersson A, Lorentzon R. The effects of brisk walking on markers of bone and calcium metabolism in postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1996; 58: 221-5. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
5. Langberg H, Skovgaard D, Asp S. Time pattern of exercise-induced changes in type I collagen turnover after prolonged endurance exercise in humans. Calcif Tissue Int 2000; 67: 41-4. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
6. Tofas T, Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros I. Plyometric exercise increases serum indices of muscle damage and collagen breakdown. J Strength Cond Res 2008; 22: 490-6. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
7. Brown S, Day S, Donnelly A. Indirect evidence of human skeletal muscle damage and collagen breakdown after eccentric muscle actions. J Sports Sci 1999; 17: 397-402. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
8. Hosseini S E, Mehrabani D, Razavi F S, RafieiRad M. The effect of palm pollen aqueous extract on the sex ratio of offspring in mice strain BALB/c. Yafte J. 2013; 15 (2): 121-128. [PubMed]
9. Mahaldashtian M, Naghdi M, Ghorbanian M T, Koruji M, Makoolati Z, Naghizadeh M M, et al. The effect of aqueous extract of Phoenix Dactylifera Pollen on In vitro viability and proliferation rate of neonatal mouse spermatogonial stem cells. J Fasa Univ Med Sci. 2015; 4 (4): 402-408. [Google Scholar]
10. Abate M, Guelfi M, Pantalone A. Therapeutic use of hormones on tendinopathies: a narrative review. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2016; 6 (4): 445‐452. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
11. Hornberger TA Jr, Farrar RP. Physiological hypertrophy of the FHL muscle following 8 weeks of progressive resistance exercise in the rat. Can J Appl Physiol. 2004; 29 (1): 16-31. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
12. Mehraban F, Jafari M, Akbartabar Toori M, Sadeghi H, Joodi B, Mostafazade M et al. Effects of date palm pollen (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and Astragalus ovinus on sperm parameters and sex hormones in adult male rats. IJRM. 2014; 12 (10): 705-712. [Google Scholar]
13. Chodari L, Mohammadi M, Mohaddes G, Alipour MR, Ghorbanzade V, Dariushnejad H. Testosterone and voluntary exercise, alone or together increase cardiac activation of AKT and ERK1/2 in diabetic rats. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2016; 107 (6): 532-541. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
14. Langberg H, Bjørn C, Boushel R, Hellsten Y, Kjær M. Exercise induced increase in interstitial bradykinin and adenosine concentration of skeletal muscle and peritendinous tissue in humans. J Physiol. 2002; 542: 977-983. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
15. Boushel R, Langberg H, Green S, Bülow J, Skovgaard D, Kjær M. Blood flow and oxygenation in peritendinous tissue and calf muscle during dynamic exercise in humans. J Physiol. 2000; 524: 305-313. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
16. Yahiae B. Histological study of the effect of ethanol on the injured tendon in rat. J Animal Biol. 2015; 7 (3): 73-80. [Google Scholar]
17. El Mougy SA, Abed Aziz SA, Al-Shanawany M, Omar A. The gonadotropic activity of palmae in mature male rats. Alexandria J Pharm Sci. 1991; 5: 156-9. [Google Scholar]
18. Abate M, Guelfi M, Pantalone A. Therapeutic use of hormones on tendinopathies: a narrative review. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2016; 6 (4): 445‐452. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.