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Abstract: Background and objectives: Antibiotic resistant to Antimicrobial agents is one of the most important concern in hospitals, which can lead to increased costs, treatment fails and mortality rates. The aim of this study was identification of Gram-negative bacilli resistant to extended-spectrum β-lactamase Enzymes (ESBLs) and determination of the effect of silver nanoparticles on them. Materials & Methods: of 276 clinical samples referred to three hospitals of Isfahan city, 186 gram negative bacilli were studied. To recognize ESBLs production, the bacilli was assessed by disk diffusion method and confirmed by DDT and Double Disk approximation Test. The ESBL producing bacteria were subjected to increasing concentrations (12.5, 25, 50,100,200,400 and 500 ppm) of silver nanoparticles, prepared in Tehran Nano Pars Company, and Inhibitory zone diameter was measured. Results: of 186 isolates, 140 (%75/3) are gram-negative bacilli producing ESBLs and 46 (24.7%) of them without this capability. Most of ESBLs bacteria are belonged to urine infections and the most prevalent bacterium is Klebsiella pneumonia. All samples are sensitive to the nano silver solution with density of 100 ppm. Enterobacter aerogenes (24 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23mm) have the greatest Inhibitory zone diameter in the presence of 500 ppm of silver nanoparticles. Conclusion: It seems that silver nanoparticles have inhibitory effect on all studied gram negative bacilli. The inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles against ESBL producing Gram negative bacteria is dose depended Keywords: Gram-negative bacilli, ESBLs, silver nanoparticles.

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Abstract Background and objective: In recent years, the resistance of opportunistic fungal strains to commercially available antifungal agents has been increased. The serious side effects of these compounds on mammalian cells forced the researchers to search for new antifungal substances. Thus we decided to investigate the antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles against Aspergillusfumigatus. Materials & Methods: To investigate the antifungal effect of the round silver nanoparticles with 10nm diameter against Aspergillusfumigatus, the diameter of colonies after 8 days as well as the number of colonies in different days was determined, using direct drop test. After that, to measure the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC) values of silver nanoparticles and fluconazole, Micro Dilution Broth method was performed. At the end, the MIC and MFC values of silver nanoparticles were compared to MIC and MFC of fluconazole. Results: The results obtained from direct drop test confirm that the silver nanoparticles can decrease the diameter of fungal colonies in dose dependent manner. The data of silver nanoparticles on the number of colonies in different days shows that the number of colonies increases up to sixth day and then becomes fixed. Based on the results of Micro Dilution Broth method, the MIC and the MFC values of this component are 31.25 and 62.5ppm, respectively. Conclusion: The present study confirms that silver nanoparticles with 10nm diameter have antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigates. Key words: Silver nanoparticles, Aspergillusfumigatus, Antifungal activity.

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Abstract Background and Objective: Flavonoids play an important role in non-enzymatic reaction against oxidative stress. These are polyphenolic compounds in tea structure that could be reacted with free radicals and neutralized them. In this study, we investigated the anti-oxidant impact of Camellia Sinesis on the liver of thioacetamide -injected male albino mice. Material and Methods: In this study, 40 male mice were categorized in five groups of eight. The first group was control. The second and the third group received 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg of thioacetamide, respectively. The fourth group received 100mg/kg thioacetamide followed by black tea (5 gr/100) and the fifth one received 150mg/kg thioacetamide followed by black tea (5 gr/100). Tioacetamide was given via intraperitoneal. After that, for 30 days, they were only fed on black tea (5 gr/100). At the end, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were measured. Results: Based on the results, catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activity were significantly increased in the groups of Thioacetamide and black tea compared to those of only Thioacetamide groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The increase of these enzymes in tea groups shows the anti-oxidant effect of black tea that can be caused by Catechin. Keywords: Antioxidant Thioacetamide Black Tea Glutathione Peroxidase Catalase

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Abstract Background and Objective: the plants with the less side effects and drug resistance have been used worldwide. In this study, we compared the inhibitory effects of nanocopper and essential oil of Melissa officinalisL.a on E.coli and S.mutans in In Vitro condition. Material and Methods: for studying diameter of inhibitory zone, disk agar diffusion method was used. Then, antibacterial effects of these substances were evaluated by treating them for 24 hours in Nanocopper particles (concentration of 100 and 500 ppm) and essential oil (12.5% to 100%), and analyzed by ANOVA. Results: twenty-four hours after treatment, nanocopper had no inhibitory effect on these bacteria. However, the diameter of inhibitory zone for E.coli and S.mutans was 31.30±0.13mm and 16.30±0.13mm, respectively. There was not any synergistic effect between different concentrations of this plant and 500ppm of nanocopper after 24 hours of treatment on E.coli. But for S. Mutans, the diameter of inhibitory zone for mixture of 50% & 25% essential oil and 500ppm concentration of nanocupper was increased significantly compared to only essential oil (p=0.001,p=0.01). Conclusion: based on the findings, nanocopper particles and essential oil of Melissa officinalis L.a have not any synergic effects on E.coli, but with some concentrations of this plant the reverse is true on S.mutans. Keywords: Essential Oil of Melissa Officinalis, Nanocopper Particles, E.Coli, S.Mutans

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Abstract Background and Objective: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Boswellia serrata is a medicinal herb with anticancer, antibacterial, antiulcer, antifungal properties. Since the antitumor effect of this medicine has not been studied on cancer cell lines, we aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of Boswellia serrata on cervical cancer cell lines. Material and Methods: To assess the anti-cancer effect of Boswellia serrata extract, HeLa cell lines were cultured , propagated and placed with different doses of Boswellia serrata (12.5,25, 50 and100 µg/ml) for 24,48and72 hours. After that, MTT test was used to determine the cellular toxicity of the extract. Results: The results of the MTT test showed that this extract has dose-dependent and time-dependent anti cancer effect on Hela in that the highest effect was seen with 100 µg/ml of extract for 72 hrs. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for 24 and 48 hrs were 12.5 and 50 µg/ml, respectively. In 72 hours, due to increase of incubation period in all concentrations, the number of killed cells was more than 50 percent. Consequently, IC50 was not observed for this period of time. Conclusion: Considering dose-dependent and time-dependent anti cancer effect, Boswellia serrata extract can inhibit the growth of Hela cells. Keywords: Hela Cell MTT Test Boswellia Serrata Extract Cervical Cancer