Jorjani Biomedicine Journal

Conservative Management of a Dentigerous Cyst Associated with Impacted Maxillary Premolar Teeth, a Case Report with a Review of Literatures

Aliakbar Naghavialhosseini

A Dentigerous Cyst (DC) is the most common developmental odontogenic cyst that mostly happens in patients between 10 to 30 years of age. It is usually completely asymptomatic and is discovered on a routine radiographic examination or to evaluate the reason for an erupted tooth. Radiographically, this cyst usually presents a well-defined unilocular radiolucency attached to CEJ of an unerupted tooth which can cause displacement of adjacent tooth or resorption.
This article reports a large infected DC in a 10-year-old male patient related to first and second premolar maxillary teeth, which did not erupt or even change their positions. DC was treated successfully by decompression. After 2 years follow up, there was no evidence of recurrence. In conclusion, marsupialization of cyst with no orthodontic intervention or tooth extraction is a conservative, efficient protocol that stimulates bone healing and promotes the eruption of unerupted teeth even if they are deeply crowded.

Common MEFV mutations (M694V, V726A, M680I, M694I, and E148Q ) in patients with Behcet's disease in Ardabil

Ahad Azami

Background and objectives: Behcet's Disease (BD) is a rare severe recurrent inflammatory disorder affecting several body organs. Since Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) and BD affect almost a specific population, both diseases can mimic the other clinically, and these two diseases sometimes occur in the same family and the same patient, also due to the high prevalence of BD in Iran and performing a small number of studies about MEFV gene mutations in patients with BD, this study aimed to determine the frequency of MEFV gene mutations in Ardabil patients with BD.
Material and Methods: Fifty patients with BD were diagnosed according to the International Study Group criteria for BD (for oral pests, genital pests, and ocular lesions, 2 points each, skin symptoms, vascular symptoms, positive pathogenesis test, and neurological symptoms, 1 point each). A score of 4 or higher indicated BD. All patients were analyzed for five common MEFV mutations (M694V, V726A, M680I, M694I, and E148Q) using amplification refractory mutation system and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) restriction-digestion testing methods. A cohort of 224 healthy people who had been previously genotyped regarding the five common MEFV mutations served as the control group.
Results: The mean age of patients was 38.68±11 years. Most BD patients (56%) and 50.4% of the control group were women. Of all patients, 66% (33) mentioned that their parents had no family relationship. Among 50 patients with BD, 12 (24%) had mutations in the MEFV gene, of which seven patients (58.3%) had E148Q mutation. Among healthy individuals, 57 patients (25.4%) had mutations, of which 39 (68.4%) had E148Q mutation. The difference between the two groups was not significant.
Conclusion: Results showed that most patients with BD had mutations in the MEFV gene and the most common case was E148Q mutation which was similar to the healthy population in terms of BD agent.

The Effect of four Weeks of Continuous Aerobic Training and Starvation on the Expression of Gene Pink1 and Bnibp3 in liver Tissue, liver Enzymes and lipid profile in Wistar Fatty Model Rats

Habib Asgharpour

Background and Objective: Regular exercise along with calorie intake promotes mitochondrial function by promoting healthy mitochondrial regeneration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of four weeksof continuous aerobic training and starvation on the gene expression of pink1 and bnibp3 (liver mitophagy) in Wistar fat rats.
Materials and Methods: The present study used an experimental design. Thirty 18-week-old fatty, maleWistar rats with an average body weight of 348±25.53 purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran were selected as the research sample. After one week of familiarity with the laboratory environment, these fatty animals were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5, control (n=5) and experimental (n=25), including control, starvation, starvation and 3 days of exercise, starvation and 5 days of exercise, 3 days of exercise, 5 days of exercise groups.
Results: According to the statistical results of one-way analysis of variance, there was a significant decrease in triglyceride, cholesterol, liver enzymes ALT, AST in all groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in pink1 and bnibp3 gene expression in starvation group and starvation groups of 3 and 5 days of training compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Four weeksof continuous aerobic training and starvation combined and alone were able to significantly reduce the status of blood lipids and liver enzymes in fatty model rats. Also, the starvation group and starvation groups along with exercise increased the activity of removing damaged mitochondria by increasing the activity of pink1 and bnibp3 genes compared to the control group.

Antimicrobial Effect of Chitosan Coating Prepared by Neutral Electrolyzed Water against Inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Rainbow trout fillets

Saeid Khanzadi

Background and Objectives: Nowadays, to avoid the use of synthetic preservatives, which do more harm than good, numerous studies are currently focused on using natural ingredients to enhance food product quality and shelf life. Since no study has been conducted on combining coatings with electrolyzed water containing natural antimicrobial compounds, the present study has innovation and priority. In the present study, the effect of chitosan coating prepared through Neutral Electrolyzed Water (NEW) on inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated in rainbow trout fillet over 12 days at 4 ˚C was examined.
Material and Methods: Fish samples were allocated into six groups following inoculation with E. coli O₁₅₇:H₇ (final concentration: ~ 10⁵ CFU/g). Treatments included control (CON), distilled water (DW), neutral electrolyzed water (NEW), chitosan 2% (CH), chitosan coating prepared by neutral electrolyzed water (CH/NEW), and neutral electrolyzed water followed by chitosan (NEW+CH). Treatments were kept at low temperature (refrigerator) and counting bacteria was done on 0, 1^st, 3^rd, 6^th, 9^th, and 12^th days. Data analyses were done through repeated measure ANVOA and Bonferroni post hoc tests.
Results: As indicated by the findings, the reduction rate of EW, CH, CH+WE, and CH/EW samples were 1.04, 1.45, 2.01, and 2.02 log CFU/g compared with the CON, respectively. The highest reduction rate was observed in the CH/NEW sample, due to the antimicrobial activity of chitosan and neutral electrolyzed water.
Conclusion: Chitosan coating can be combined with NEW in fish to increase the safety against pathogenic bacteria and E. coli O₁₅₇:H₇. Therefore, it can suggest the use of these natural antimicrobial compounds in the food industry.

Death Anxiety and Related Factors in Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A systematic Review

Samad Karkhah

Background and Objectives: High workload, insufficient resources, and many stressors in the workplace have led to the imposition of physical and psychological pressures on nurses, which exposes them to death anxiety (DA). This systematic review aimed to assess the DA and factors associated with its in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and Methods: An extensive search was conducted on Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database (SID) databases via keywords such asincluding "Death", "Death Anxiety", "Nurses", and "COVID-19", from December 2019 to November 10, 2021.
Results: 818 nurses were enrolled in four papers. The mean age and work experience of nurses Nurses’ mean age and work experiences were 31.21 (SD=5.43) and 7.60 (SD=6.73) years, respectively. The mean DA of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic was 7.30 (SD=2.23). Also, 31.05% of nurses had a high level of DADA level during the COVID-19 pandemic. Age, sex, work experience, working hours per week, childbearing, several patients needing end‑of‑life care, direct participation in resuscitation operations, cases of direct participation in resuscitation operations, cases of patient death, depression, mental health status, and life satisfaction were influential factors in DA nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: Thus, nursing policymakers should pay special attention to these factors related to the use of nurses' health maintenance and promotion programs to increase the quality of nursing care for COVID-19 patients. Also, it is recommended that psychological and communication support be provided to nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fluorescent Contrast agent Based on Graphene Quantum Dots Decorated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Detecting and Sorting Cancer Cells

Abdolreza Simchi

Background and Objectives: The inability of classic fluorescence-activated cell sorting to single cancer cell sorting is one of the most significant drawbacks of this method. The sorting of cancer cells in microdroplets significantly influences our ability to analyze cancer cell proteins.
Material and Methods: We adapted a developed microfluidic device as a 3D in vitro model to sorted MCF-7 cancer cells on a chip. A prefabricated microfluidic droplet chip was used in this research. Then, with the help of synthesized fluorescent probes, MCF-7 cancer cells were separated from normal cells.
Results: This research presents a modification of GQD bead for high-throughput analysis and sorting single cancer cells. We elaborate a binding assay as an example of this approach for detecting MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Graphene quantum dot-decorated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (GQD@MSNPs) act as fluorescent optical beads coated in microfluidic droplets. The fluorescent beads capture cancer cells. To enable droplet sorting at 200 Hz and cell enrichment, a measurable fluorescence signal is generated when cancer cells bind to these beads and boost the drop's fluorescence emission.
Conclusion: Herein, we report in vitro results showing that the as-prepared GQD@MSNs have exceptional luminous characteristics. The specific surface area and pore volume of GQD-MSNs were found to be 50% and 40% higher than those of pure MSNs, which is rather remarkable. Because of these improved qualities, GQD@MSNs are demonstrated a large sorting capacity that makes them ideal for diagnosis.

The Oral Cavity Moisturizing Effects of Lemon and Aloe Vera Extracts in Patients with Xerostomia: A Comparative Study

Maryam-Sadat Sadrzadeh-afshar

Background and Objectives: Xerostomia has been defined as the dry mouth sensation due to hyposalivation or change in saliva composition. Many herbal medicines have been used as treatment options. Since the combination of aloe vera extract and honey, and Lemon is suggested as a potent oral moisturizer, limited studies have been done in this field. Therefore, we decided to compare the effects of these two moisturizers in cases of xerostomia.
Material and Methods: a combination of aloe vera extract and honey, lemon extract, and placebo mouthwashes were provided to 30 participants suffering from xerostomia. Each patient used three types of mouthwash in the following order: For the first mouthwash, the patients were asked to express their sensation of dry mouth using VAS on the first, third, and fifth days. This was followed by a one-week rest period in which patients did not use mouthwash. The same process was repeated to measure the second and third mouthwashes.
Results: Lemon and a combination of aloe vera extract and honey were both found to be significantly effective in reducing the dry mouth sensation. However, lemon was significantly more effective in this regard. Placebo was significantly less effective than both extracts and overall had no statistically significant impact on the dry mouth sensation (p<0.001)
Conclusion: Lemon mouthwash was significantly more effective than a combination of aloe vera and honey. Thus, it is recommended to improve dry mouth sensation.

Methodological and Ethical Challenges for the Implementation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine-Related Clinical Trials: Review of Reviews

Samad Karkhah

Background and Objectives: The implementation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has increased in recent decades. Due to the positive effects of CAM interventions, 5 to 74.8% of people use these treatments worldwide. However, implementing CAM-related clinical trials is associated with challenging issues. Failure to address these challenges can lead to poor quality of studies, publication of non-scientific findings, and ultimately disregard for human rights and ethics. This review aims to comprehensively review the literature focusing on methodological and ethical challenges for implementing CAM-related clinical trials.
Material and Methods: This review of reviews was conducted via international databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus using keywords extracted from medical subject headings such as “Methods”, “Methodological Study”, “Methodological Studies”, “Ethics”, “Complementary Therapies”, “Complementary Medicine”, “Alternative Medicine”, “Clinical Trial”, and “review” from the earliest to May 1, 2022.
Results: In general, challenging issues for the implementation of CAM-related clinical trials can be divided into two categories: 1) methodological and 2) ethical. Methodological challenges included: Risk of bias, Lack of knowledge of researchers, and Blinding. On the other hand, ethical challenges in clinical trial studies are divided into two categories: patients' rights and placebo use.
Conclusion: Overall, the present study emphasizes the need for special attention to the quality of CAM-related clinical trials. Also, this study can pioneer the introduction of critical challenging issues in CAM-related clinical trials and provide appropriate suggestions for researchers to solve these issues in future studies.